Tag: teach

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Acts: Paul at the Areopagus

Read: Acts 17:16-34

Luke sets the stage for the second half of Acts 17 by enunciating Paul’s heart for the lost. He’s probably pretty depressed following the events in Thessalonica and Berea where he was essentially chased out of town. He now finds himself in the heart of the Greek world, surrounded by those who are no doubt greatly influenced by philosophies created by great thinkers of their time. The scene at the Areopagus is one I’ve heard used in sermons many times. It’s a powerful lesson in evangelism that we need to learn from as we each seek to understand our part in reaching out to those who are far from Christ, even the ones who are intellectually gifted about us or seem to have life all figured out. It begins with the heart.

What Breaks Your Heart?

One of my frequent prayers is for my heart to break for that which breaks God’s heart. You’ve probably heard this idea in sermons, teaching, or in songs. It’s a persistent theme in the Bible that is demonstrated by God’s relentless pursuit of His people. Some say it’s His reckless love.

While Paul was waiting for them in Athens, he was greatly distressed to see that the city was full of idols. Acts 17:16

I wonder if we can see the idols that surround us? Pray for discernment as you stop to consider those things which we have made with our hands or with our minds that compete for the center of our attention. Anything less than Christ in the center of our thoughts is competing for our attention and potentially something we idolize. Screwtape would be pleased.

In the Synagogue and Marketplace

As usual, Paul begins in the synagogue where he “reasons” with both Jews and God-fearing Greeks as well as the marketplace with those who happened to be there. Paul’s intellectual approach was interesting to some of the Epicurean and Stoic philosophers (see NIV Study Bible Note below), those who considered themselves above everyone else. They must have been impressed with Paul’s method of argument, so they took him to the center of popular debate for the greatest of minds — the Areopagus.

Then they took him and brought him to a meeting of the Areopagus, where they said to him, “May we know what this new teaching is that you are presenting? You are bringing some strange ideas to our ears, and we would like to know what they mean.” Acts 17:19-20

Luke’s parenthetical remarks give us a clue about his opinion of these proceedings:

(All the Athenians and the foreigners who lived there spent their time doing nothing but talking about and listening to the latest ideas.) Acts 17:21

Nothing But Talk

As I sit in the early morning to create these blog entries, I wonder how close I am to those who do nothing but thinking and talking rather than seeing and doing. I trust my brothers and sisters in Christ we keep me honest here. I don’t want to fall into the trap of these philosophers!

To An Unknown God

Paul continues to look for a way to reach out to these people, to take advantage of the position God has placed him. He looks around and sees an altar that gives him an idea:

I even found an altar with this inscription: to an unknown god. So you are ignorant of the very thing you worship—and this is what I am going to proclaim to you. Acts 17:23

While his approach might seem brash, I think the philosophic elite appreciated the banter. By referring to this self-proclaimed elitest group as ignorant, Paul got their attention then summarized the creation story as he explained that there is one God who created all things for a purpose.

God did this so that they would seek him and perhaps reach out for him and find him, though he is not far from any one of us. Acts 17:27

Then there is a twist.

In the past God overlooked such ignorance, but now he commands all people everywhere to repent. Acts 17:30

And the final plunge:

He has given proof of this to everyone by raising him from the dead. Acts 17:31

Many were going along with Paul until he got to this notion of resurrection. For some this was interesting, for others a bridge too far.

Divided Response

Some will hear, some will not. The difference between these two groups is for the Holy Spirit to decide, but it is our responsibility to meet people where they are, to approach them from a point of mutual respect, then deliver the gospel message clearly and accurately. From this point, we continue the conversation with those who are moved while leaving the others in a place where someone else might be better suited to address concerns.

The key is not to burn bridges, as much as possible, while not diluting the gospel message. This is not easily done by man but is the work of the Spirit within us. As we learn to discern the voice of the Spirit within each of us, I believe we will continue to become more effective at reaching those in the Areopagus of today, wherever that is and whatever that looks like.

In the world of apologetics, we know that few hearts are moved by intellectual debate, yet some are. As William Lane Craig proposes in his book, Reasonable Faith, when we are able to help move someone renowned as highly intelligent, e.g., doctor, lawyer, or scientist, we are able to affect many others just because of their position in society.

As I wrap up this post let me draw your attention to the opening phrase: “he was greatly distressed to see…” The motivation to seek and save the lost comes from a place of seeing what others do not see. If anyone saw someone drowning, I have no doubt they would do everything in their power to save the victim. That might look like a call to 9-1-1 or that might be jumping in the water. It might be organizing a rescue party or speaking gently to the panicking person. It depends on the situation and the resources at hand.

Those who have received Christ have the Holy Spirit indwelling within. We have the answers. The challenge is to figure out how to hear His voice within as we do the ministry He has laid before us each and every day.

I pray for discernment, that you and I would see that which the world does not. I pray we will see those who are lost among us, regardless of their temporary social status. And more, I pray we will be burdened to do something about what we see. You’re not alone in this battle. There are many who pray this prayer.

 

NIV Study Bible Note on Acts 17:18: Epicurean . . . philosophers. Originally they taught that the supreme good is happiness—but not mere momentary pleasure or temporary gratification. By Paul’s time, however, this philosophy had degenerated into a more sensual system of thought. Stoic philosophers. They taught that people should live in accord with nature, recognize their own self-sufficiency and independence and suppress their desires. At its best, Stoicism had some admirable qualities, but, like Epicureanism, by Paul’s time, it had degenerated into a system of pride.

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Acts: Thessalonica and Berea

Read: Acts 17:1-15

Paul, Silas, Timothy, and others continue their missionary journey to Thessalonica and Berea. In typical fashion, they start at the local synagogues as they reach out to those who are willing to discuss the gospel message they have come to proclaim. Some Jews in Thessalonica become outraged and create a riot there, then follow them to Berea to continue to stir up trouble. It’s not a great scene, but even in all the mess, solid churches are planted and the church continues to grow. The challenge from this message is applicable today as we seek to carry out the great commission of making disciples from those who are far from Christ.

In Thessalonica

It’s interesting to note that Paul’s habit is to start by visiting synagogues as he travels about.

As was his custom, Paul went into the synagogue, and on three Sabbath days he reasoned with them from the Scriptures, Acts 17:2

When we read Paul’s letters to the Thessalonians, we get the idea that he stayed there for quite some time…a lot more than three weeks as the passage above could imply. On these three particular Sabbath days, Paul reasoned with those in attendance based on the very scriptures they probably knew quite well.

Good and Bad News

All heard the same message. Paul reasoned with them on an intellectual level with no indication of a condescending tone. Yet the result was a divided response:

Some of the Jews were persuaded and joined Paul and Silas, as did a large number of God-fearing Greeks and quite a few prominent women. But other Jews were jealous; so they rounded up some bad characters from the marketplace, formed a mob and started a riot in the city. Acts 17:4-5

The contrast is stark. How is it that some prominent people heard the explanation and are moved to submission while others respond by creating a riot? The writer of Hebrews reminds us that the word is sharper than a double-edged sword,  it judges the thoughts and attitudes of the heart. (Hebrews 4:12).

Biblical preaching can cause division, even when we preach unity. This is quite the challenge for us today. The reaction of some of the Jews in the story is one of outright anger. They sought to find Paul, but he was nowhere to be found so:

they dragged Jason and some other believers before the city officials Acts 17:6

Jason was being a good host. Suddenly his newfound faith is tested without warning along with others who have just become Christ followers. I suspect Paul warned Jason and the new believers of this very real possibility. Their reaction to abduction is honorable and their release was apparently secured quickly, but not without pain and humiliation. Being dragged to court in your hometown is nothing less than degrading.

When we talk to non-believers about becoming Christians do we suggest it’s easy? Just say this prayer and it’s all good. Or do we warn them that the cost of discipleship is high, that you may find yourself rejected by friends and family? The last thing we should be offering is anything that looks like cheap grace. Bonhoeffer, The Cost of Discipleship, comes to mind. Lord, let us not be a people that suggest there You offer cheap grace.

In Berea

The riot in Thessalonica propels Paul to move on to Berea. Here we find some who are serious about searching Scripture for answers. Paul finds kindred spirits in Berea.

Now the Berean Jews were of more noble character than those in Thessalonica, for they received the message with great eagerness and examined the Scriptures every day to see if what Paul said was true. As a result, many of them believed, as did also a number of prominent Greek women and many Greek men. Acts 17:11-12

It’s always encouraging to find those of like mind. While we’re called to seek the lost, finding the few who hear the message is incredibly refreshing. Like a soothing balm, Paul is received well and many become Christ followers.

But the story isn’t over yet. Some of the Jews from Thessalonica found Paul in Berea and took it upon themselves to stir up trouble there as well.

some of them went there too, agitating the crowds and stirring them up. The believers immediately sent Paul to the coast, but Silas and Timothy stayed at Berea Acts 17:13-14

They just couldn’t keep from stirring up trouble!

Expect Trouble

The gospel of Jesus Christ is by its very nature counter-cultural. It stands in the face of what the world sees as good and worthwhile. It should cause trouble! I’m not advocating riots, nor should we take any pride in arguing for the sake of an argument, but we must not be surprised when logical, well-intended discussion turns to anger and resentment.

I’ve watched many, in the name of evangelism, provoke people with their form of the gospel message that puts me on edge. In their zealousness, they probably turned more people away than those who continued to listen. I am being judgmental when I say that they took pride in winning converts at the expense of those who were offended, just like the Jews in Thessalonica that stirred up riots. Their attempt to be like Paul was interpreted as being offensive enough to cause trouble. I don’t think that’s the message Luke is telling us here.

It’s not my aim to cause trouble, but I should not be surprised when my good intentions create issues. The question boils down to one of motivation. Am I trying to focus on myself or am I really working to persuade with biblical arguments?

This should come as no surprise. Jesus warned us:

I have told you these things, so that in me you may have peace. In this world you will have trouble. But take heart! I have overcome the world.” John 16:33

Lord, help us to preach and teach Your word with You as the center of all discussion. Holy Spirit, give us the right words to say and tell us when to lower our volume all the way down to zero, to know when to shut up and when to keep on going.

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Acts: Paul and Silas in Prison

Read: Acts 16:16-40

Luke recalls the story of Paul and Silas being beaten and imprisoned while they were ministering to the people of Philippi, a Roman colony. They encountered a fortuneteller that began following them around shouting, “These men are servants of the Most High God, who are telling you the way to be saved” (Acts 16:17). While this was accurate, Paul became annoyed by her presence and rebuked the spirit that allowed her to see the future. This didn’t go well with her owners, to say the least. Of the team,  Paul and Silas are identified as the leaders and were stripped, beaten, and put in prison for taking the fortuneteller’s means of income where something marvelous happened: the jailer and his entire household are baptized!

Place of Prayer

A subtle piece of this story slipped by me the first few times I read it. When we back up to verse 11 we read that the team is looking for a place of prayer. The passage this morning begins with the team heading to the place of prayer. Apparently, they found a place that was suited for prayer, a place to worship, as they began their day.

I don’t know about you, my prayer list continues to grow. I’m convinced that prayer is vital to our continued growth in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ (2 Peter 3:18). Richard Foster’s book, Prayer: Finding the Heart’s True Home, does a great job of covering the subject. The subtitle emphasizes his point that our hearts are home when we pray.

Find your place of prayer and pray together often, as a team. Don’t do ministry alone. Don’t just pray alone. The battle we fight is unseen by most. I can’t wait to get our team together to pray!

Paul Rebukes a Spirit

As the team is preaching and teaching in the city, a woman who is possessed by a spirit that allows her to tell the future met the team. This spirit is translated as a demon in some cases. Suffice it to say, it was not from the Spirit of God. Spiritual warfare is very real and very difficult to explain to those who do not know Christ. Well, it’s pretty hard to explain for those who are Christ followers, but we simply can’t deny its existence.

The woman follows the team shouting that these are men of God. My guess is her method of announcing the reality of their mission was distracting, to say the least. Paul looks like Peter at this moment:

Finally Paul became so annoyed that he turned around and said to the spirit, “In the name of Jesus Christ I command you to come out of her!” At that moment the spirit left her. Acts 16:18

As Ben Eaves alluded to yesterday, we see the humanity of Paul here as well. He’s annoyed at this person. We don’t blame him, but I have to believe Luke used that particular word for a reason. She was becoming the center of attention through her actions. Something had to be done!

With the demon gone, her ability to tell the future left as well. No more income through this source! The owners are beyond unhappy. Their source of wealth just ran dry. They invented charges and had Paul and Silas brought before the magistrates with the complaint that they were “advocating customs unlawful for us Romans to accept or practice” (Acts 16:21). We don’t read a lot of details here, but the magistrates and owners must have some relationship because they wasted no time in having them thrown in jail.

After they had been severely flogged, they were thrown into prison, and the jailer was commanded to guard them carefully. When he received these orders, he put them in the inner cell and fastened their feet in the stocks. Acts 16:23-24

For some reason, Paul and Silas don’t mention that “us Romans” included themselves until a bit later in the story. Perhaps they weren’t allowed to speak. Whatever the case, being stripped and severely flogged is not a minor response. This had to be demoralizing and discouraging, to say the least.

Praying and Singing

Thrown in the worst part of an ancient prison, what would you do? Pray and sing, of course! The song and the Spirit were compelling. Paul and Silas led the chorus. An earthquake shook the prison, broke the doors and loosed everyone’s chains, but Paul took charge and kept everyone calm. The jailer was fully aware that Paul and Silas were men of God. The earthquake confirmed any doubts.

The jailer called for lights, rushed in and fell trembling before Paul and Silas. He then brought them out and asked, “Sirs, what must I do to be saved?” They replied, “Believe in the Lord Jesus, and you will be saved—you and your household.” Acts 16:29-31

Wasting no time, the jailer and his entire household profess their belief in Jesus and are baptized. The jailer washes their wounds and invites them to eat a meal prepared in their honor. What a wonderful scene!

Public Apology

Paul’s insightful leadership is shown in his reaction to the Magistrates’ change of heart. They want to simply dismiss the charges and have Paul and Silas released quietly:

But Paul said to the officers: “They beat us publicly without a trial, even though we are Roman citizens, and threw us into prison. And now do they want to get rid of us quietly? No! Let them come themselves and escort us out.” Acts 16:37

While this might seem arrogant, Paul is setting a precedent for other missionaries traveling throughout the Roman empire. You can’t beat people for no reason. Even Magistrates are accountable to someone.

Paul’s argument is irrefutable, especially when they learned he was truly a Roman citizen. They came and escorted them out of prison–an otherwise humiliating process. While this was significant, the conversion of the jailer and his entire household was more important.

Wounds heal with time. Bruises and scars for the sake of the gospel are not the centers of attention. We see little emphasis on the pain. The joy of winning souls for Christ far outweighs the suffering that led to hearts being changed.

After Paul and Silas came out of the prison, they went to Lydia’s house, where they met with the brothers and sisters and encouraged them. Then they left. Acts 16:40

Reunited with their team, everyone celebrates the victory for Christ. The unity found is the brief statement above is significant. Brothers and sisters encouraged them. United for a purpose, committed to the cause, the gospel is preached and eternity is changed for many.

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Acts: Peter, James, Barnabas, and Paul Destroy Barriers

Read: Acts 15:1-35

Acts 15 is a wonderful example of how the early church handled difficult issues. One of the key points for us to learn is their relentless search for unity. We read phrases like, “sharp dispute and debate” and “much discussion” to highlight the struggle. There is no doubt these intense conversations were covered with prayer and fasting to reach a decision. No power plays. No over-zealous leader charismatically controlling the crowd. Unity of spirit. Takes longer, more painful, sleepless nights, etc., but the result is a unified church. Amazing.

The Debate

Some unnamed group began teaching that you have to be circumcised before you can be saved. While this was no doubt steeped in tradition and probably with good intentions, Jesus did not require circumcision. This was a very big deal in those days.

This brought Paul and Barnabas into sharp dispute and debate with them. Acts 15:2

These people came from Judea, the origin of Judaism, to push an agenda on a non-Jewish culture. Paul and Barnabas locked arms and fought against this idea. Most of this chapter unpacks the process they went through.

Paul and Barnabas, along with other believers, took the long trip to Jerusalem to put this issue before the apostles and elders of the church. As they traveled they told stories of Gentiles being converted. This might have been their way of practicing for the debate that was expected. The stories were well received, as we would expect, but there was no guarantee that they would receive a warm welcome in the heart of the Jewish cultural center.

It’s interesting to see that the church was getting seriously organized. Beyond the apostles named by Jesus, there are elders helping to manage affairs of the church. Given the number of people being saved every day, it seems they’re applying principals of Exodus 18 to the early church.

The Council

The apostles and elders welcomed Paul, Barnabas, and the believers who traveled a great distance to bring this debate to light. Let’s begin:

Then some of the believers who belonged to the party of the Pharisees stood up and said, “The Gentiles must be circumcised and required to keep the law of Moses.” Acts 15:5

Peter is the first to address this assertion. He reminded them (perhaps it was news to some) how God called himself to preach to the Gentiles and how they received the Holy Spirit (see: Cornelius and Peter Part 1 and Part 2).

God, who knows the heart, showed that he accepted them by giving the Holy Spirit to them, just as he did to us. Acts 15:8

Further, and significantly:

Now then, why do you try to test God by putting on the necks of Gentiles a yoke that neither we nor our ancestors have been able to bear? No! We believe it is through the grace of our Lord Jesus that we are saved, just as they are. Acts 15:10-11

This is huge! Testing God is not something anyone should attempt. This phrase would have cut the historical Jews to the bone. The reference to the “yoke” here emphasizes what Jesus taught the apostles firsthand (see: Matthew 11:29-30). Peter’s conclusion that we are all saved by grace — and this is sufficient. There are no other requirements.

The council was speechless. To support Peter, Barnabas and Paul provided many examples of God’s work among the Gentiles.

James, the brother of Jesus, takes the stage next.

“Brothers,” he said, “listen to me. Simon has described to us how God first intervened to choose a people for his name from the Gentiles. The words of the prophets are in agreement with this Acts 15:13-15

The fact that James holds a prominent position in Jerusalem is significant. He decides what will be done. I can’t wait to explore James’ conversion, but we’ll have to explore that at another time. For the moment, remember that though he grew up with his brother the Messiah, he was not quick to believe in Jesus!

“It is my judgment, therefore, that we should not make it difficult for the Gentiles who are turning to God. Acts 15:19

James provides a solution that’s amicable to all in attendance. I think it’s important to note that this was not a foregone conclusion. There was not political positioning. They were truly wrestling with a difficult question. God had set apart the Hebrews way back in the days of Abraham. Moses reminded everyone of just how special the Jewish people were to God. They were to be set apart for the world to see. It was difficult to let go of this “selected” status and accept that others were eligible to be chosen.

They agree to adopt three requirements that would reduce the tension between Jew and Gentile (Acts 15:20, 29):

  • abstain from food polluted by idols,
  • from sexual immorality,
  • from the meat of strangled animals and from blood.

The letter included this caveat:

You will do well to avoid these things. Acts 15:29

Letter Delivered

The entire church gathered to hear how the letter sent by the church headquarters (my wording) and the letter was well received back in Antioch.

Paul and Barnabas remained in Antioch, where they and many others taught and preached the word of the Lord. Acts 15:35

Teaching and preaching matters. It’s not the only thing, but it is important to consistently study the word of the Lord and hear what God is saying through those who are anointed to preach His message. It’s a complete meal. Discipleship and evangelism are all wrapped up in relationships completely immersed in love and pointed at God the Father, with the help of the Holy Spirit, and in the name of Jesus. This is how to grow His church.

The Lesson

The Problem was solved without bloodshed, without dividing the church, and on terms that helped spread the gospel even more. The church was strengthened through the debate. This is not a call to be contentious, rather, it’s a call to pray and fast to work out differences. I truly pray we are able to do this in every context: home, church, work, school, etc. The prize is worth the struggle.

 

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Acts: Excitement in Pisidian Antioch

Read: Acts 13:13-52

Paul takes center stage now. It’s exciting to see how God has transformed his life in a relatively short period of time, but don’t miss the fact that time was invested. Yes, Paul’s transformation is remarkable, but it took some years of dirty sandals, face-to-face conversations, actual hands-on ministry to completely shape his complete understanding of the gospel message we will hear him preach from this point forward. We can’t skip this step!

One of the phrases I’m working hard to erase from my vocabulary is “spending time” on _______. I’m not spending time, you’re not spending time, you are investing time. Check yourself when you say, “I spent yesterday doing…” We need to be incredibly wise stewards of the one resource we all have in common: time.

Off the soapbox, Dave, write the blog!

The events in Antioch of Pisidia are nothing short of amazing. To begin with we see a group gathered in a synagogue on the Sabbath as expected. They read from the scrolls from Moses and the Prophets, then hand the mic to Paul with an open invitation to preach:

if you have a word of exhortation for the people, please speak. Acts 13:15

In verses 17 through 26 Paul summarizes what we call the Old Testament in a mere sixty seconds, highlighting key events that shaped and led John the Baptist to preach repentance and set the stage for Jesus. Those in attendance are now eager to hear what Paul has to say because he demonstrated intimate concern for their background, the difficult road that they had traversed, and the history that shaped who they are as a people.

Fellow children of Abraham and you God-fearing Gentiles, it is to us that this message of salvation has been sent. Acts 13:26

Notice Paul includes the “God-fearing Gentiles” in his sermon. Apparently, this was a multicultural gathering, something that could not have been common at that time. Paul is inclusive in a day and age that was not. Sound familiar?

Paul brought it right back to them, somewhat indirect, but the arrow is pointed directly at their hearts:

The people of Jerusalem and their rulers did not recognize Jesus, yet in condemning him they fulfilled the words of the prophets that are read every Sabbath. Acts 13:27

Right here, in the synagogue, we just read from the Law and the Prophets, but they didn’t recognize that which they were waiting for all these years. They had developed the habit of coming to the synagogue and listening without hearing, seeing with blind eyes.

Nominal Christians. I came across this term quite some time ago while taking a class on Perspectives. It really didn’t profoundly impact me as it should have. This is our wake up call, a time to move from wearing a title of Christian to being Christ-like.

Paul continues to cite psalms and the prophets as he draws the conclusion that we all know so well.

Therefore, my friends, I want you to know that through Jesus the forgiveness of sins is proclaimed to you. Through him everyone who believes is set free from every sin, a justification you were not able to obtain under the law of Moses. Acts 13:38-39

His words are kind, yet powerful. Direct, yet considerate. We have now heard the gospel, it is time to respond. Paul does not leave them without a warning. Unafraid he gives them one last nudge to respond to the gospel. The result: people are stirred to action. They want to hear more, learn what they’ve missed.

The weekly gathering comes to a close with much anticipation about the following week. People went home, back to work, their lives were changed, but they didn’t sell everything to follow Paul. My belief is this would have been less effective. I think they went home and told their friends, their neighbors, their relatives about what they had learned. They evangelized without knowing they were evangelists.

The Result

Here’s an amazing statement, don’t miss this:

On the next Sabbath almost the whole city gathered to hear the word of the Lord. Acts 13:44

The WHOLE CITY gathered! Seriously! This IS possible even today. With our fingers on keyboards, smartphones, tablets, digital media provides a vehicle that can, in fact, reach an entire city at one time. Crazy!

The religious right begins to make accusations, as expected. Their ivory towers are threatened and they respond as they have been responding since John the Baptist preached repentance.

It’s interesting, even humorous, that the Jewish leaders incite the women (and the men) to stir up persecution.

But the Jewish leaders incited the God-fearing women of high standing and the leading men of the city. They stirred up persecution against Paul and Barnabas, and expelled them from their region. Acts 13:50

In an age where women were considered property, they attempted to use them to discredit the gospel message. The disciples shook the dust off of their sandals in their direction and moved on to continue their mission.

And the disciples were filled with joy and with the Holy Spirit. Acts 13:52

This is such an amazing story, a time of great enthusiasm. There are stories like this being told this month, this year, in this decade. I absolutely believe that when the gospel is preached with this power, lives will be changed.

It takes all kinds of people to fulfill the mission: apostles, prophets, evangelists, shepherds, and teachers — each performing their role with excellence. I pray we will pray for discernment and understanding of how we each play a part in this incredible journey.

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Acts: Saul becomes Paul, but that’s not the most important thing.

Read: Acts 12:25-13:12

The subtle change of Saul’s name to Paul slips into the narrative today, but Luke is careful to avoid making a big deal out of the name change. There’s lots of speculation about the purpose of the new name. I have a few thoughts on this based on what I’ve read. It’s interesting, but what is important is the shift in Acts toward Paul’s missionary travels. We’re about to embark on an extensive journey around the modern world of Paul’s time. My prayer is we would learn something from each stop along the way, that we would gain an appreciation for Paul’s deep desire to make Christ known above everything else, and somehow figure out how we should be doing the same.

…go and make disciples of all nations… Matthew 28:19

Funny thing about names

Names are important. They are personal and most of the time very intentionally picked. In biblical terms, names are descriptive of the person. For example, Simon’s name was changed by Jesus to Peter (John 1:41-43), the rock. Luke gives us a handful of names with qualifications in today’s reading:

  • John also called Mark
  • Simeon called Niger
  • Lucius of Cyrene
  • Manaen (who had been brought up with Herod the tetrarch)
  • Bar-Jesus who was also called Elymas
  • Saul, who was also called Paul

In this passage, we read about Saul changing his preferred name to Paul. Saul is a name that relates to Jews, but Paul relates to Gentiles.

A few years ago I was working with the Monterey Herald to produce videos that recognized efforts by the Salvation Army to help families during Christmas. In one case we were interviewing someone whose son was named Isaiah. Though the reporter and I never spoke about religion, he and his cohort turned to me and said, “you’re a church guy, how do you spell Isaiah?” My intentional desire was to build a relationship with the news crew while looking for bridges to talk about my faith. I’d like to say the ensuing conversation led to his immediate baptism, but that was not the case. My prayer is that it moved him closer. Though I don’t know, I’m pretty sure our interaction, the relationship we developed, didn’t move him farther away from Christ. All because of a question about a name.

The Art of Neighboring teaches us a lot about developing a Christ-centered community in our own backyards — and it all begins with names. Taking time to know someone’s name is important. Your barista has a name. The waiter has a name. Take time to learn names of people you see and you will begin to build a relationship that can change their lives for eternity.

That’s a lot of talk about names, now it’s time to focus on the text!

Barnabas and Saul Sent by the Spirit

My hero Barnabas is listed first in the text through Acts 13:7, but from there through the rest of Acts (I’m pretty sure), Paul is listed first. Subtle. No complaints, no hedging for the front of the line, just a subtle shift in leadership for the sake of Jesus and the vast population of Gentiles.

The prophets and teachers in Antioch hear from the Lord and gather to send their leaders away.

While they were worshiping the Lord and fasting, the Holy Spirit said, “Set apart for me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them.” So after they had fasted and prayed, they placed their hands on them and sent them off. Acts 13:2-3

Take note of the fact they were worshiping, fasting, and praying. They were listening intently for the direction of the Spirit. In a beautiful moment, they laid their hands on Barnabas and Saul and said goodbye. This could not have been easy or simple. These two men poured themselves into the growing church in Antioch and now they must send them out for the greater good. I know you can’t read the pause, but I’m simply sitting here viewing the scene, fighting tears as I stand on the verge of my own transition. Parting is difficult, even for the best of reasons.

Paul Confronts Elymas

They set off for Selecuia to Cyprus and arrived at Salamis where we read that the Apostle John is there serving as well.

It’s interesting that they are preaching in the Jewish synagogues. When they got to Paphos, they met Bar-Jesus (Elymas). The story focuses on this interaction for two main reasons: an intelligent proconsul sought the wisdom of Paul and Barnabas and the sorcerer who was not happy with their appearance.

I love how Luke emphasizes that the proconsul was an intelligent man that wanted to hear the word of God. Intelligence is a gift we refer to in our Spiritual Gifts assessment as knowledge. It can lead to arrogance, but for those who put Christ first, I pray they recognize this gift of knowledge can have a profoundly positive impact on the local church. If that’s you, please share your gift!

Elymas is not so gifted. His personal desire for fame is fueled by Satan.

[Paul], filled with the Holy Spirit, looked straight at Elymas and said, “You are a child of the devil and an enemy of everything that is right! … Will you never stop perverting the right ways of the Lord? Acts 13:9-10

Paul doesn’t wait for an answer. He tells Elymas that he will be blind for a time, in essence, he’s been given a second chance. The proconsul is moved to submission by this incredible act of the Spirit and I believe by the love expressed by Paul through confrontation and discipline. That’s a whole story by itself!

When the proconsul saw what had happened, he believed, for he was amazed at the teaching about the Lord. Acts 13:12

The Spirit

The discussion in this narrative focuses on the third person of the Trinity, the Holy Spirit. My prayer is that you and I will embrace Him wholly, that we would seek His input on all our decisions, not just checking the box or filling the square, but earnestly seeking to know His voice and follow His direction. I pray we will embrace the notion of worship, prayer, and fasting; of seeking His direction and sending people out at the right time. All for the benefit of adding more to the kingdom of God.

 

Map source: http://www.biblestudy.org/maps/apostle-paul-first-missionary-journey-large-map.html

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Acts: Antioch Disciples — Christians

Read: Acts 11:19-30

Luke takes us back to the stoning of Stephen where the disciples were scattered to continue the story of the gospel spreading far and wide. First, the Jews heard the good news, then the Greeks. When Barnabas was called to Antioch, he saw something special in this group and reached out to Saul. This was truly significant. The result was continued growth and the spread of the gospel and the disciples coined the term Christians.

One thing to look for as we continue reading through Acts is how the leaders of the early church leaned on each other’s gifting and roles without any selfish desire to be set on stage or highlighted one above another. We’ll read details about this in the coming books, but the evidence of how they acted in unity is seen throughout this passage in particular. There’s a lot going on behind the scenes, but we’ll continue to hit the highlights as we see how an effective church operated back in the first century.

Spreading The Gospel

The disciples were on the run. They traveled far from Jerusalem but kept on preaching the gospel wherever they wend. At first, it was just to the Jewish community, but some took the risk of sharing with those outside their comfort zone.

Some of them, however, men from Cyprus and Cyrene, went to Antioch and began to speak to Greeks also, telling them the good news about the Lord Jesus. The Lord’s hand was with them, and a great number of people believed and turned to the Lord. Acts 11:20-21

The unnamed few evangelized the Gentile world. The historical note at the bottom serves to give us some context. Antioch was a huge city. Far from God, it’s likely that they worshipped all kinds of deities if they worshipped at all. We need to appreciate the world in which they lived to bolster our own desire to make disciples, spreading the gospel, with people we see daily.

I’m convinced there are those amongst us who are living faithfully, doing just that, in our cities today–we just don’t read about them in Christianity Today because they’re focused on answering Christ’s call rather than making headlines.

Barnabas Called

We lose track of time and probably don’t appreciate the distance involved, but Luke tells us that the news of their success reaches back to Jerusalem.

News of this reached the church in Jerusalem, and they sent Barnabas to Antioch. Acts 11:22

I love this idea. The young disciples are dispersed, scattered to places they are unfamiliar with so what do they do? They reach back and ask for support from one who has proven himself already. Barnabas didn’t come in blazing on a stallion to save the day, he entered the scene as an encourager, leading from within, building up the believers.

Long ago, Moses needed Aaron’s oratory gift to do God’s work with a huge, probably unruly crowd. Barnabas is called to help the young disciples (in terms of faith, not necessarily age). He gets the ball rolling, then he calls Saul for support.

Barnabas Reaches Out To Saul

As I’ve alluded to before, this is not an egocentric, personality-driven movement. This is all about spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ. Barnabas knew that Saul was an amazing preacher and Antioch needed that skillset at this time.

Sidenote: It’s ironic that those early disciples were actually running from Saul and his band of Christ-following killers. Now Saul comes to teach them what it means to follow Christ. You have to appreciate the irony.

So for a whole year Barnabas and Saul met with the church and taught great numbers of people. The disciples were called Christians first at Antioch. Acts 11:26

The dynamic duo, Saul-Barnabas, worked together to cement the foundation of the church in Antioch. I’m sure Saul used many of the lessons learned here as he continued his missionary journey throughout the area.

Agabus Prophesied

Luke helps us understand the timing of these events by referring to a famine that historians mentioned in that area and at that time. Of course, he does this by demonstrating another role within the church, a prophet named Agabus.

Agabus stood up and through the Spirit predicted that a severe famine would spread over the entire Roman world. Acts 11:28

There are many ways for prophecy to support the local church. In this case, it was very specific and targeted at preserving the growth of the early church. Recognizing this major problem, people pitched in to help.

The disciples, as each one was able, decided to provide help for the brothers and sisters living in Judea. This they did, sending their gift to the elders by Barnabas and Saul. Acts 11:29-30

“As each one was able.” I hope we don’t miss this important phrase. It’s important not to project our relative wealth or capability on someone else. This was a picture of a church which was devoted to each other and on a mission for a single-minded cause: to spread the news about Jesus.

Lord, I hope and pray we can see this kind of unity in Your church today. May we be like the Christians of Antioch. I trust we can with Your help and blessing.

 

Historical Note from the NIVAC:
With an estimated population of about 300,000 Antioch in Syria was the third largest city in the Roman empire, surpassed in population only by Rome and Alexandria. It was also the seat of administration of the Roman province of Syria. A large Jewish population lived there, estimates of which range from 22,000 to 65,000.
Wilkins, Michael J.; Garland, David E.; Bock, Darrell L.; Burge, Gary M.; Fernando, Ajith. NIVAC Bundle 6: Gospels, Acts (The NIV Application Commentary) (Kindle Locations 81964-81968). Zondervan. Kindle Edition.

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Acts: Stephen Martyred, Disciples Scatter

Read: Acts 8:1-4

Just a few verses in this passage set the stage for a major shift in the book of Acts. The Sanhedrin opened Pandora’s Box when they stoned Stephen. They released the anger and tension pent up at the Christ-followers in Jerusalem. Like a wild animal that gets a whiff of fresh blood, this event ignited a movement against those who proclaim Jesus as the Messiah. It’s now open-season and an opportunity to go door-to-door to effect persecution.

Commentators point out that the Sanhedrin “had no choice” but to stone Stephen for blasphemy. Citing Levitucus 24:10-23, they must take him out and kill him for this great sin. The image of these learned men covering their ears, shouting at the top of the lungs to block out the words of the blasphemer, and dragging him out to a place to be stoned to death is incredibly sad.

Have we learned so much that we could behave in this manner? Sure, we don’t pick up stones and kill another for offensive words, but do we effectively reject those whose opinions differ from ours? Do we kill the relationship and terminate those we don’t understand? In the same context as the Levitical law for stoning we read:

The Lord is slow to anger, abounding in love and forgiving sin and rebellion Numbers 14:18

And yet we see anger, no chance for forgiveness, no love. Lord, help us when anger boils from within. Don’t take away strong emotions, but don’t let us be consumed by feelings that betray You in the process.

Unintended Consequences

The last thing the Sanhedrin wanted was to propel the Gospel beyond the walls of Jerusalem, but that’s exactly what happened as a result of their actions. As they tighten their grip, the people scatter.

But Saul began to destroy the church. Going from house to house, he dragged off both men and women and put them in prison. Acts 8:3

In typical fashion, Luke includes women in his narrative, men and women are persecuted. In addition, Saul gets more attention as Luke builds his case for the next chapter.

Have no doubt, this is an ugly episode in the life of the early church. Those who responded to the Gospel felt the radical change within their hearts and now their very lives are threatened. Many flee the scene.

Those who had been scattered preached the word wherever they went. Acts 8:4

They’re not cowards running from persecution, they’re messengers released to preach throughout the region.

Tough Choices

Stay or go? When times are really difficult we all have to make a choice to stay and fight or move away from that which oppresses us. It’s never easy and rarely clear which choice is best, certainly not at the time of hardship. It’s only in hindsight that we look back and appreciate the trial and decision.

In this case, Christianity grows rapidly by those who run and for those who stay and are persecuted. Both were required. If Saul and his band would have simply scattered the people, it would have looked bad, but people could have held onto their Levitical stronghold. By putting those in prison for preaching the Gospel, they actually accelerated the impact of the message. All God’s design.

Lord have Your way in everything we do and say. When we run, go with us. When we stay, comfort us. When we stumble, pick us up. In all things, have Your way. Teach us how to do the same for our brothers and sisters. May we never struggle alone, isolated, insulated, or abandoned. Give us eyes to see those who are in these very same battles and words to move them from fear to acceptance. All for Your glory.

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Acts: The Stoning of Stephen

Read: Acts 6:8-8:1

The Stoning of Stephen was a tragic event for the early Christian church movement. Stephen was one of the finest examples of a strong Christ follower. Luke includes a list of attributes to set the scene: full of God’s grace and power, face like that of an angel, one they could not argue with because of the power of the Holy Spirit. Falsely accused, Stephen is brought before the Sanhedrin to be tried, drug into the streets, and stoned under the supervision of Saul of Tarsus.

Opposition arose, however, from members of the Synagogue of the Freedmen…For we have heard him say that this Jesus of Nazareth will destroy this place and change the customs Moses handed down to us. Acts 6:9, 14

When I’ve read this passage in the past, I thought the main point of Stephen’s review of Israel’s history was to demonstrate his knowledge and defend his character as one who knew the customs and the Patriarchs. But this time, thanks to some insight from the NIVAC, I’m seeing something different.
The accusations against Stephen relate to the Temple, it’s location and prominence, and for the ritualistic rules created by man in support of the Law. He further explains how Israel has a deep history of rejecting God’s prophets, even killing those who served the Lord. Stephen’s speech addressed these issues by pointing out irrefutable facts about Abraham and Moses.

Location

Of the many arguments, the tight grip on the Holy location of the Temple was akin to idolatry. Stephen includes a reference to the Golden Calf and dispenses with the notion that there is one Holy location.

  • God spoke to Abraham in a land far from Jerusalem. Acts 7:2
  • The burning bush was called Holy Ground, not anywhere near the Temple. Acts 7:30-33

Rejection

The Bible is full of stories that demonstrate how God’s chosen were rejected. Stephen knows his time is short, so I believe he attempted to speak to as many people as possible before they shut him up for good.

  • Jealous brothers rejected Joseph and sold him into slavery. Acts 7:9
  • Moses, once rejected by the people, was sent to lead them. Acts 7:35-36
  • Our ancestors refused to obey him and they made an idol from gold. Acts 7:39-41

On this basis, Stephen draws his convicting, concluding arguments:

“You stiff-necked people! Your hearts and ears are still uncircumcised. You are just like your ancestors: You always resist the Holy Spirit! Acts 7:51

It’s true that Stephen demonstrated his thorough knowledge of scripture. Perhaps this is why it was too painful for the Sanhedrin to hear.

They even killed those who predicted the coming of the Righteous One. And now you have betrayed and murdered him—-you who have received the law that was given through angels but have not obeyed it. Acts 7:52-53

Completely unafraid, Stephen points out that these religious elite are guilty of rejecting the One who was sent to save them all…just like it was foretold.

Stephen, full of the Holy Spirit, looked up to heaven and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing at the right hand of God. “Look,” he said, “I see heaven open and the Son of Man standing at the right hand of God. Acts 7:55-56

This was the final straw, too much for them to handle.

yelling at the top of their voices, they all rushed at him, dragged him out of the city and began to stone him. Meanwhile, the witnesses laid their coats at the feet of a young man named Saul. While they were stoning him, Stephen prayed, “Lord Jesus, receive my spirit.” Acts 7:57-59

We are introduced to Saul at the very end, but that’s for another day. The end of this story is simply that Saul approved (Acts 8:1).

Let there be no doubt: Christianity is different than Judaism. This is something very different. The foundation is laid by our ancestors, but the stories we read in Acts let us know without a doubt that following Jesus is not only different but might even cost your earthly life.

Important Consideration

It is important to appreciate that Stephen was not looking for a fight. He did not go about speaking badly about Jews or even the Sanhedrin. He was, in fact, speaking good about Jesus. It was the Sanhedrin that concluded he was denouncing their faith, their heritage, and their God. They were wrong. That wasn’t the basis for Stephen’s daily ministry.

My point here is that we should preach Jesus, that we should spread the Gospel. Our energy should be focused on that which builds the body of believers while letting God, through His infinite wisdom, deal with those whose hearts are hardened, whose ears and eyes no longer work. Our job is not to tear down, our job is to build up. Without fear.

Remember the Great Commission: 

Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age. Matthew 28:19-20

Nowhere in those words do we read anything about destroying others. Go. Make disciples.

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Acts: Growing Church Requires Better Structure

Read: Acts 6:1-7

The greatest problem for any church planter is dealing with amazing church growth. Luke provides one case where members are being added to the community at a pace that has outgrown the current organizational structure. The solution: create deacons.

On the surface, it seems like we’re being transported back to Moses’ day where people are whining, but this is much different.

the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. Acts 6:1

One of the first significant requirements in leadership is the ability to receive complaints from those you’re leading. Filtering out the wheat from the chaff takes work and requires great discernment. Here, the apostles make an incredibly wise decision.

First, they hear there is a real problem that needs to be dealt with. One of the great strengths of Jewish culture is how they essentially adopt widows and orphans. This means they have a responsibility to tend to those who can’t otherwise take care of themselves. The problem lies in the sheer number of people who are suddenly under their leadership and require care.

The challenge in how to deal with the problem is significant.

It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables Acts 6:2

No argument here. The Twelve can’t stop preaching in order to distribute food, but this is not the beginning of any elitism or class system. This is simply a practical consideration within the body of Christ where the gifts of the Spirit are properly applied. The primary mission of the Twelve is to preach and teach. What they need is a group that is gifted to minister to the daily needs of food distribution.

Second, they demonstrate great leadership by validating the issue and giving the larger group a task with sufficient details to enable them to be successful.

Brothers and sisters, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. Acts 6:3

The Twelve will validate and ordain the Seven, but the people will choose who they believe is best for the ministry positions.

Interestingly, the Seven chosen are all Hellenistic Jews (based on their names and according to the commentaries, not something I dreamed up). The group that levied the complaint is the group that gets to do the work! What’s that old saying about raising your hand?

Results

Luke is careful to point out this success for us to consider.

So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith. Acts 6:7

One of the key things we do in Healthy Growing Churches deals with assessments. These tools help churches move through Life Cycles that are inherent in any organization. They are just tools. But just as the architect appreciates the hammer in the hands of his builder, the proper use of tools is required to effectively build the local church. We believe a healthy, vibrant church is the most important work we do, outside of leading someone into a personal commitment to Christ.

People working within their gifts and talents produces the best results for the local body of Christ. The Twelve carefully considered the issue at hand, successfully managed the process with the help of the believers and solved the problem.

And the church grew.

Father, may we be known as a people that made wise decisions for Your church in this city. Holy Spirit, teach us what we should do each day when complaints reveal issues that need to be dealt with. Jesus, may the world know this is all about You!

 

Note: Stephen Ministers

One of my favorite groups of people that support the body of Christ is Stephen Ministers. Those who are gifted with mercy, help & service, hospitality, and the like, are great candidates for this ministry. The practical training and ideas presented are meant to be universally accepted in any Christian context. In other words, it’s not for a particular denomination. Anyone can be a Stephen Minister. Check out their site for more information (link).

 

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