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Acts: Paul and Apollos in Ephesus

Read: Acts 18:23-19:7

As Paul travels to Ephesus, he meets Apollos and other disciples. It appears that Paul invested quite a bit of time into teaching disciples on this trip. A group he finds in Ephesus is particularly interesting because they didn’t even know about the Holy Spirit. Obviously, there were gaps in their education that Paul (and others) found and fixed. There’s no finger-pointing or disparaging words, just a focus on solid teaching to get these new disciples on track and bolster the early church.

Apollos

Always be teachable. I don’t want to forget that lesson. Apollos, a wise and learned scholar appears on the scene with his approach to teaching the gospel based on his knowledge of the baptism of John.

He had been instructed in the way of the Lord, and he spoke with great fervor and taught about Jesus accurately Acts 18:25

“Great fervor” is probably an indication of his preaching ability, which I believe is a gift from the Spirit. We can all speak with great fervor, even if we aren’t great preachers. Fervency is a mark of passion about a subject, hopefully as a result of knowledge. I say hopefully because far too often we hear repeated sound-bites that makes one appear to be informed on a topic without adequately studying the subject.

Apollos’s fervor appears to come from his confidence in the truth and power of Jesus. Ignited by the Holy Spirit, he was able to effectively teach many. We too can have this level of confidence through the consistent and obedient study of the Bible.

When Priscilla and Aquila heard him, they invited him to their home and explained to him the way of God more adequately. Acts 18:26

Our preeminent example of hospitality and wisdom, Priscilla and Aquila, invited Apollos into their home and filled in the gaps of his knowledge about Jesus. From Luke’s account, it seems Apollos was a great student, eager to learn, and gifted to teach.

For he vigorously refuted his Jewish opponents in public debate, proving from the Scriptures that Jesus was the Messiah. Acts 18:28

Apollos grew to be a prominent teacher in the region. Later, in [Bible]1 Corinthians 1:10-12[/bible], we’ll read his name in comparison to Paul, though there is no reason to conclude that Apollos was trying to compete. Both Apollos and Paul were in ministry to win souls for Christ, not to boost their egos!

Paul

As we begin chapter 19, we find Apollos in Corinth and Paul in Ephesus. When Paul arrives he finds a small group of disciples, about twelve men, who appear to have incomplete information about being a Christ follower. I’m not sure what prompted Paul to ask, no details are provided, but he asked them if they had received the Holy Spirit. Their response is interesting:

No, we have not even heard that there is a Holy Spirit. Acts 19:2

Paul completed their education on the spot and laid hands on them!

When Paul placed his hands on them, the Holy Spirit came on them, and they spoke in tongues and prophesied. Acts 19:6

In both cases, the lack of knowledge is not criticized. Instead, those who knew more taught those who needed help. Both teaching and learning are received well. There is much to learn from this behavior as we grow in our knowledge of Jesus’s call in our lives. There’s no need to criticize others when we see gaps. Instead, let’s focus on imparting knowledge we have gained while being teachable at the same time.

 

Since we’re starting Paul’s third, and last official missionary journey, it’s time to look at a map that shows the extent of his travels.

Source: ConformingToJesus.com

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Acts: On Being Discouraged

Read: Acts 17:32-18:22

While I’m a proponent of the old adage, never say never, I’m confident in making this statement: any endeavor that runs counter to culture will be met with resistance. If you’re doing something that’s “never been done that way,” be prepared for a bumpy ride. After reflecting on yesterday’s post, I thought this was a good time to pause and emphasize how Paul was encouraged in a variety of ways so when we run up against those who sneer (Acts 17:32), become abusive (Acts 18:6) or attack us (Acts 18:12), we might find encouragement.

It’s one thing to simply suggest we should ignore the negative press, but it’s another to look directly at the attacks and find where the Spirit is sending encouragement. It’s in the midst of attacks where we can lose our minds, well, at least that’s where I’m most vulnerable. How about you?

At the end of Acts 17, Paul has little to be encouraged about. He’s invested significant time in Athens, only to be sneered at and rejected by most. While “some believed” and wanted to learn more, I can’t help but conclude he was pretty depressed as he traveled to Corinth.

Luke shows us how Paul is able to ride the waves of discouragement on the shoulders of believers who demonstrated their love during the trials. I have to believe this helped form Paul’s thoughts on spiritual gifts, love, and roles in the church that we read in his letters to the churches he planted.

Aquila and Priscilla – Acts 18:1-2

On arrival in Corinth, Paul was greeted by fellow tentmakers Aquila and Priscilla. They became partners in ministry as Aquila and Priscilla exercise their gift of hospitality to encourage Paul. It’s a great reminder for us to develop true friendships as we do ministry. Few things encourage a brother or sister in Christ as a loving Christian family.

Silas and Timothy came from Macedonia – Acts 18:5

The arrival of Silas and Timothy greatly encourages Paul. As mentioned in the previous post, Paul is able to refocus on his dominant gifts as a preacher, teacher, and evangelist.

Titius Justus – Acts 18:7

Paul shook out his clothes at the Jews that opposed him, but God opened the door of the home next to the synagogue: Titius Justus. As simple as this sounds, this is a significant gesture of kindness that provided Paul with a space to relax. Don’t discount the need for rest.

Crispus and his Household – Acts 18:8

The Jews, as a whole, are resistant to Paul’s message, but here we find the synagogue ruler, Crispus, and his entire family were converted. This is a great boost to his ministry and probably a huge benefit to the church in Corinth.

The Vision – Acts 18:9-10

No doubt, the greatest encouragement was from Jesus Himself in a vision to Paul. It’s important to see how God reassures His troubled servants at crucial times. Such comfort is a welcome relief in times of difficulty.

The Result

Paul’s ministry was fruitful and he was able to serve in Corinth for eighteen months. His letters to the church, First and Second Corinthians, give us some great insight into the struggles he fought against in those days. I look forward to re-reading those letters soon!

Lord, I’m so thankful for people who are kind, patient, and truly loving. Remind us of the powerful gift of hospitality, whether or not it shows up as our dominant gifting. Please send people like Aquila, Priscilla, Titius, and Crispus to encourage us to do the ministry you have given each of us. All for the building up of the body of Christ, for making disciples that make disciples.

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Acts: Encouraged by Jesus, Paul Shifts Gears in Corinth

Read: Acts 18:1-22

The first half Acts 18 finds Paul in the middle of his second missionary journey. Paul leaves Athens and moves on to Corinth and connected with a ministry couple named Aquila and Priscilla. His early focus in Corinth was continuing his work convincing the Jews that Jesus was the Messiah. There are some serious highs and lows in this short passage and a lot for us to learn as we work in the harvest fields for Christ.

Ministry in Corinth

Paul had many uphill battles to fight in Corinth. While he certainly expected to find disbelief among the Corinthians (see note at the bottom of this post), I’m convinced he didn’t expect such a harsh reaction among the Jews. Perhaps the Jews were extremely hardened because of the expulsion from Rome plus the licentiousness of the people surrounding them. Whatever the case, Paul attempted to reason with them.

Every Sabbath he reasoned in the synagogue, trying to persuade Jews and Greeks. Acts 18:4

After Silas and Timothy arrived from Macedonia, Paul focused on preaching to the Jews. Apparently, Silas and Timothy assumed some of the routine tasks so that Paul could focus on his dominant role as a preacher and evangelist. His preaching, however, was not received as well as he hoped:

But when they opposed Paul and became abusive, he shook out his clothes in protest and said to them, “Your blood be on your own heads! I am innocent of it. From now on I will go to the Gentiles.” Acts 18:6

The Jews not only resisted Paul’s message, but they became abusive. Paul eventually abandoned this effort to focus solely on preaching the Gospel to the Gentiles.

Discouraged

One of the themes that surprised me in this passage is the image of Paul being discouraged. I’m sure this is in the text to serve as an encouragement to all who are in ministry. He was not well received in Athens and now the Jews have risen against him.

Then we read some rare red letters in the text — Paul received encouragement from Jesus!

One night the Lord spoke to Paul in a vision: “Do not be afraid; keep on speaking, do not be silent. For I am with you, and no one is going to attack and harm you, because I have many people in this city.” So Paul stayed in Corinth for a year and a half, teaching them the word of God. Acts 18:9-11

At just the right time, when there seemed to be no way for the church to get started, Jesus appears in a vision. Wow! In the huge metropolis, Jesus affirms He is present and many people in Corinth are His. Paul is inspired to move on and refocus his ministry. This is crucial and a significant lesson for us all to learn.

Gallio’s Verdict

The battle is far from over. Once again the Jews make an effort to have Paul expelled.

the Jews of Corinth made a united attack on Paul and brought him to the place of judgment. Acts 18:12

Reminiscent of Gamaliel in Acts 5:33-39, Gallio provides a decisive verdict that defuses the Jewish attack within the courts of the proconsul of Achaia.

Gallio said to them, “If you Jews were making a complaint about some misdemeanor or serious crime, it would be reasonable for me to listen to you. But since it involves questions about words and names and your own law—settle the matter yourselves. Acts 18:14-15

Ups and Downs

There are a few things that leap off the page for me in these few paragraphs of scripture. When Paul realizes he isn’t having an impact on the Jews he changes his ministry focus. When I look back over my shoulder at a different season of ministry, I wish I had responded like Paul. Too often my pace to adapt and change in ministry has been way too slow.

As I coach pastors and work with churches, I often find the ability to adapt and change to be a challenge for many other ministry leaders today as well. Tom Planck

Why is this so often the case? If we aren’t having the kind of effectiveness that we know we should be experiencing then why not adapt and change? And, why not do that quickly?

Paul’s willingness to adapt and change led to eighteen months of fruitful ministry. Luke doesn’t tell us much about Paul’s time in Corinth, but he does mention one of the biggest wins. The synagogue leader and his entire family became followers of Jesus! (See Acts 18:7-8.) How ironic, right?

Another important lesson is the Lord’s message to Paul in a vision, “Do not be afraid…for I am with you!” This sounds so familiar to the words of the great commission in Matthew 28: 19-20, “Therefore go and make disciples…and surely I am with you always…” Wow!

Stepping out in faith to have a spiritual conversation with someone who is yet to cross the line of faith can be a scary endeavor. It can most certainly conjure up fears of not having the right words or the answers to some probing questions that might be asked.

The next time you find yourself on the brink of one of those conversations step into them with confidence knowing this, Jesus is with you! And the Holy Spirit promises to provide just the right words.

 

Corinth. It was one of the few cities where licentiousness has been sanctioned and sustained by law and religion, having been not only practiced and allowed but consecrated by the worship of Venus; and no small part of the wealth of the city having been derived from the offerings made in the very temple of this goddess. No city of ancient times, perhaps none of modern times, has been or is more profligate. In the art of refining upon the pleasures of sense, Corinth was in the ancient world what Paris is in the modern,—the seat of splendor, gaiety, magnificence, sensuality. Source: Link.

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Acts: Paul at the Areopagus

Read: Acts 17:16-34

Luke sets the stage for the second half of Acts 17 by enunciating Paul’s heart for the lost. He’s probably pretty depressed following the events in Thessalonica and Berea where he was essentially chased out of town. He now finds himself in the heart of the Greek world, surrounded by those who are no doubt greatly influenced by philosophies created by great thinkers of their time. The scene at the Areopagus is one I’ve heard used in sermons many times. It’s a powerful lesson in evangelism that we need to learn from as we each seek to understand our part in reaching out to those who are far from Christ, even the ones who are intellectually gifted about us or seem to have life all figured out. It begins with the heart.

What Breaks Your Heart?

One of my frequent prayers is for my heart to break for that which breaks God’s heart. You’ve probably heard this idea in sermons, teaching, or in songs. It’s a persistent theme in the Bible that is demonstrated by God’s relentless pursuit of His people. Some say it’s His reckless love.

While Paul was waiting for them in Athens, he was greatly distressed to see that the city was full of idols. Acts 17:16

I wonder if we can see the idols that surround us? Pray for discernment as you stop to consider those things which we have made with our hands or with our minds that compete for the center of our attention. Anything less than Christ in the center of our thoughts is competing for our attention and potentially something we idolize. Screwtape would be pleased.

In the Synagogue and Marketplace

As usual, Paul begins in the synagogue where he “reasons” with both Jews and God-fearing Greeks as well as the marketplace with those who happened to be there. Paul’s intellectual approach was interesting to some of the Epicurean and Stoic philosophers (see NIV Study Bible Note below), those who considered themselves above everyone else. They must have been impressed with Paul’s method of argument, so they took him to the center of popular debate for the greatest of minds — the Areopagus.

Then they took him and brought him to a meeting of the Areopagus, where they said to him, “May we know what this new teaching is that you are presenting? You are bringing some strange ideas to our ears, and we would like to know what they mean.” Acts 17:19-20

Luke’s parenthetical remarks give us a clue about his opinion of these proceedings:

(All the Athenians and the foreigners who lived there spent their time doing nothing but talking about and listening to the latest ideas.) Acts 17:21

Nothing But Talk

As I sit in the early morning to create these blog entries, I wonder how close I am to those who do nothing but thinking and talking rather than seeing and doing. I trust my brothers and sisters in Christ we keep me honest here. I don’t want to fall into the trap of these philosophers!

To An Unknown God

Paul continues to look for a way to reach out to these people, to take advantage of the position God has placed him. He looks around and sees an altar that gives him an idea:

I even found an altar with this inscription: to an unknown god. So you are ignorant of the very thing you worship—and this is what I am going to proclaim to you. Acts 17:23

While his approach might seem brash, I think the philosophic elite appreciated the banter. By referring to this self-proclaimed elitest group as ignorant, Paul got their attention then summarized the creation story as he explained that there is one God who created all things for a purpose.

God did this so that they would seek him and perhaps reach out for him and find him, though he is not far from any one of us. Acts 17:27

Then there is a twist.

In the past God overlooked such ignorance, but now he commands all people everywhere to repent. Acts 17:30

And the final plunge:

He has given proof of this to everyone by raising him from the dead. Acts 17:31

Many were going along with Paul until he got to this notion of resurrection. For some this was interesting, for others a bridge too far.

Divided Response

Some will hear, some will not. The difference between these two groups is for the Holy Spirit to decide, but it is our responsibility to meet people where they are, to approach them from a point of mutual respect, then deliver the gospel message clearly and accurately. From this point, we continue the conversation with those who are moved while leaving the others in a place where someone else might be better suited to address concerns.

The key is not to burn bridges, as much as possible, while not diluting the gospel message. This is not easily done by man but is the work of the Spirit within us. As we learn to discern the voice of the Spirit within each of us, I believe we will continue to become more effective at reaching those in the Areopagus of today, wherever that is and whatever that looks like.

In the world of apologetics, we know that few hearts are moved by intellectual debate, yet some are. As William Lane Craig proposes in his book, Reasonable Faith, when we are able to help move someone renowned as highly intelligent, e.g., doctor, lawyer, or scientist, we are able to affect many others just because of their position in society.

As I wrap up this post let me draw your attention to the opening phrase: “he was greatly distressed to see…” The motivation to seek and save the lost comes from a place of seeing what others do not see. If anyone saw someone drowning, I have no doubt they would do everything in their power to save the victim. That might look like a call to 9-1-1 or that might be jumping in the water. It might be organizing a rescue party or speaking gently to the panicking person. It depends on the situation and the resources at hand.

Those who have received Christ have the Holy Spirit indwelling within. We have the answers. The challenge is to figure out how to hear His voice within as we do the ministry He has laid before us each and every day.

I pray for discernment, that you and I would see that which the world does not. I pray we will see those who are lost among us, regardless of their temporary social status. And more, I pray we will be burdened to do something about what we see. You’re not alone in this battle. There are many who pray this prayer.

 

NIV Study Bible Note on Acts 17:18: Epicurean . . . philosophers. Originally they taught that the supreme good is happiness—but not mere momentary pleasure or temporary gratification. By Paul’s time, however, this philosophy had degenerated into a more sensual system of thought. Stoic philosophers. They taught that people should live in accord with nature, recognize their own self-sufficiency and independence and suppress their desires. At its best, Stoicism had some admirable qualities, but, like Epicureanism, by Paul’s time, it had degenerated into a system of pride.

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Acts: Thessalonica and Berea

Read: Acts 17:1-15

Paul, Silas, Timothy, and others continue their missionary journey to Thessalonica and Berea. In typical fashion, they start at the local synagogues as they reach out to those who are willing to discuss the gospel message they have come to proclaim. Some Jews in Thessalonica become outraged and create a riot there, then follow them to Berea to continue to stir up trouble. It’s not a great scene, but even in all the mess, solid churches are planted and the church continues to grow. The challenge from this message is applicable today as we seek to carry out the great commission of making disciples from those who are far from Christ.

In Thessalonica

It’s interesting to note that Paul’s habit is to start by visiting synagogues as he travels about.

As was his custom, Paul went into the synagogue, and on three Sabbath days he reasoned with them from the Scriptures, Acts 17:2

When we read Paul’s letters to the Thessalonians, we get the idea that he stayed there for quite some time…a lot more than three weeks as the passage above could imply. On these three particular Sabbath days, Paul reasoned with those in attendance based on the very scriptures they probably knew quite well.

Good and Bad News

All heard the same message. Paul reasoned with them on an intellectual level with no indication of a condescending tone. Yet the result was a divided response:

Some of the Jews were persuaded and joined Paul and Silas, as did a large number of God-fearing Greeks and quite a few prominent women. But other Jews were jealous; so they rounded up some bad characters from the marketplace, formed a mob and started a riot in the city. Acts 17:4-5

The contrast is stark. How is it that some prominent people heard the explanation and are moved to submission while others respond by creating a riot? The writer of Hebrews reminds us that the word is sharper than a double-edged sword,  it judges the thoughts and attitudes of the heart. (Hebrews 4:12).

Biblical preaching can cause division, even when we preach unity. This is quite the challenge for us today. The reaction of some of the Jews in the story is one of outright anger. They sought to find Paul, but he was nowhere to be found so:

they dragged Jason and some other believers before the city officials Acts 17:6

Jason was being a good host. Suddenly his newfound faith is tested without warning along with others who have just become Christ followers. I suspect Paul warned Jason and the new believers of this very real possibility. Their reaction to abduction is honorable and their release was apparently secured quickly, but not without pain and humiliation. Being dragged to court in your hometown is nothing less than degrading.

When we talk to non-believers about becoming Christians do we suggest it’s easy? Just say this prayer and it’s all good. Or do we warn them that the cost of discipleship is high, that you may find yourself rejected by friends and family? The last thing we should be offering is anything that looks like cheap grace. Bonhoeffer, The Cost of Discipleship, comes to mind. Lord, let us not be a people that suggest there You offer cheap grace.

In Berea

The riot in Thessalonica propels Paul to move on to Berea. Here we find some who are serious about searching Scripture for answers. Paul finds kindred spirits in Berea.

Now the Berean Jews were of more noble character than those in Thessalonica, for they received the message with great eagerness and examined the Scriptures every day to see if what Paul said was true. As a result, many of them believed, as did also a number of prominent Greek women and many Greek men. Acts 17:11-12

It’s always encouraging to find those of like mind. While we’re called to seek the lost, finding the few who hear the message is incredibly refreshing. Like a soothing balm, Paul is received well and many become Christ followers.

But the story isn’t over yet. Some of the Jews from Thessalonica found Paul in Berea and took it upon themselves to stir up trouble there as well.

some of them went there too, agitating the crowds and stirring them up. The believers immediately sent Paul to the coast, but Silas and Timothy stayed at Berea Acts 17:13-14

They just couldn’t keep from stirring up trouble!

Expect Trouble

The gospel of Jesus Christ is by its very nature counter-cultural. It stands in the face of what the world sees as good and worthwhile. It should cause trouble! I’m not advocating riots, nor should we take any pride in arguing for the sake of an argument, but we must not be surprised when logical, well-intended discussion turns to anger and resentment.

I’ve watched many, in the name of evangelism, provoke people with their form of the gospel message that puts me on edge. In their zealousness, they probably turned more people away than those who continued to listen. I am being judgmental when I say that they took pride in winning converts at the expense of those who were offended, just like the Jews in Thessalonica that stirred up riots. Their attempt to be like Paul was interpreted as being offensive enough to cause trouble. I don’t think that’s the message Luke is telling us here.

It’s not my aim to cause trouble, but I should not be surprised when my good intentions create issues. The question boils down to one of motivation. Am I trying to focus on myself or am I really working to persuade with biblical arguments?

This should come as no surprise. Jesus warned us:

I have told you these things, so that in me you may have peace. In this world you will have trouble. But take heart! I have overcome the world.” John 16:33

Lord, help us to preach and teach Your word with You as the center of all discussion. Holy Spirit, give us the right words to say and tell us when to lower our volume all the way down to zero, to know when to shut up and when to keep on going.

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Acts: Paul and Silas in Prison

Read: Acts 16:16-40

Luke recalls the story of Paul and Silas being beaten and imprisoned while they were ministering to the people of Philippi, a Roman colony. They encountered a fortuneteller that began following them around shouting, “These men are servants of the Most High God, who are telling you the way to be saved” (Acts 16:17). While this was accurate, Paul became annoyed by her presence and rebuked the spirit that allowed her to see the future. This didn’t go well with her owners, to say the least. Of the team,  Paul and Silas are identified as the leaders and were stripped, beaten, and put in prison for taking the fortuneteller’s means of income where something marvelous happened: the jailer and his entire household are baptized!

Place of Prayer

A subtle piece of this story slipped by me the first few times I read it. When we back up to verse 11 we read that the team is looking for a place of prayer. The passage this morning begins with the team heading to the place of prayer. Apparently, they found a place that was suited for prayer, a place to worship, as they began their day.

I don’t know about you, my prayer list continues to grow. I’m convinced that prayer is vital to our continued growth in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ (2 Peter 3:18). Richard Foster’s book, Prayer: Finding the Heart’s True Home, does a great job of covering the subject. The subtitle emphasizes his point that our hearts are home when we pray.

Find your place of prayer and pray together often, as a team. Don’t do ministry alone. Don’t just pray alone. The battle we fight is unseen by most. I can’t wait to get our team together to pray!

Paul Rebukes a Spirit

As the team is preaching and teaching in the city, a woman who is possessed by a spirit that allows her to tell the future met the team. This spirit is translated as a demon in some cases. Suffice it to say, it was not from the Spirit of God. Spiritual warfare is very real and very difficult to explain to those who do not know Christ. Well, it’s pretty hard to explain for those who are Christ followers, but we simply can’t deny its existence.

The woman follows the team shouting that these are men of God. My guess is her method of announcing the reality of their mission was distracting, to say the least. Paul looks like Peter at this moment:

Finally Paul became so annoyed that he turned around and said to the spirit, “In the name of Jesus Christ I command you to come out of her!” At that moment the spirit left her. Acts 16:18

As Ben Eaves alluded to yesterday, we see the humanity of Paul here as well. He’s annoyed at this person. We don’t blame him, but I have to believe Luke used that particular word for a reason. She was becoming the center of attention through her actions. Something had to be done!

With the demon gone, her ability to tell the future left as well. No more income through this source! The owners are beyond unhappy. Their source of wealth just ran dry. They invented charges and had Paul and Silas brought before the magistrates with the complaint that they were “advocating customs unlawful for us Romans to accept or practice” (Acts 16:21). We don’t read a lot of details here, but the magistrates and owners must have some relationship because they wasted no time in having them thrown in jail.

After they had been severely flogged, they were thrown into prison, and the jailer was commanded to guard them carefully. When he received these orders, he put them in the inner cell and fastened their feet in the stocks. Acts 16:23-24

For some reason, Paul and Silas don’t mention that “us Romans” included themselves until a bit later in the story. Perhaps they weren’t allowed to speak. Whatever the case, being stripped and severely flogged is not a minor response. This had to be demoralizing and discouraging, to say the least.

Praying and Singing

Thrown in the worst part of an ancient prison, what would you do? Pray and sing, of course! The song and the Spirit were compelling. Paul and Silas led the chorus. An earthquake shook the prison, broke the doors and loosed everyone’s chains, but Paul took charge and kept everyone calm. The jailer was fully aware that Paul and Silas were men of God. The earthquake confirmed any doubts.

The jailer called for lights, rushed in and fell trembling before Paul and Silas. He then brought them out and asked, “Sirs, what must I do to be saved?” They replied, “Believe in the Lord Jesus, and you will be saved—you and your household.” Acts 16:29-31

Wasting no time, the jailer and his entire household profess their belief in Jesus and are baptized. The jailer washes their wounds and invites them to eat a meal prepared in their honor. What a wonderful scene!

Public Apology

Paul’s insightful leadership is shown in his reaction to the Magistrates’ change of heart. They want to simply dismiss the charges and have Paul and Silas released quietly:

But Paul said to the officers: “They beat us publicly without a trial, even though we are Roman citizens, and threw us into prison. And now do they want to get rid of us quietly? No! Let them come themselves and escort us out.” Acts 16:37

While this might seem arrogant, Paul is setting a precedent for other missionaries traveling throughout the Roman empire. You can’t beat people for no reason. Even Magistrates are accountable to someone.

Paul’s argument is irrefutable, especially when they learned he was truly a Roman citizen. They came and escorted them out of prison–an otherwise humiliating process. While this was significant, the conversion of the jailer and his entire household was more important.

Wounds heal with time. Bruises and scars for the sake of the gospel are not the centers of attention. We see little emphasis on the pain. The joy of winning souls for Christ far outweighs the suffering that led to hearts being changed.

After Paul and Silas came out of the prison, they went to Lydia’s house, where they met with the brothers and sisters and encouraged them. Then they left. Acts 16:40

Reunited with their team, everyone celebrates the victory for Christ. The unity found is the brief statement above is significant. Brothers and sisters encouraged them. United for a purpose, committed to the cause, the gospel is preached and eternity is changed for many.

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Acts: The Church Grows through Timothy and Lydia

Read: Acts 16:1-15

Chapter 15 ended with Paul and Barnabas on two separate teams. The division was no doubt challenging, but in hindsight, we see the gospel spreading even more. Barnabas and Mark set sail for Cyprus while Paul and Silas traveled through Syria and Cilicia. Having received the decision from the church council in Jerusalem and the blessing from the commendation of the believers in Antioch, Paul’s missionary journeys come into focus.

In this section, we see the church grow through two unlikely disciples: Timothy and Lydia. I suggest they were unlikely candidates because Timothy is young and has parents whose house has divided beliefs and Lydia is part of a group of business-women that gathered to hear Paul’s message. We’ll take a look at these “issues” briefly in this post as we watch the early church grow.

One other twist in the story is evident at this point. Notice the language starts with “they” traveled and preached to “we got ready,” “we put out to sea,” “we traveled,” etc. This shift in Luke’s writing invites us to join in the story. I hope you’ll get lost in the journey as we read about Timothy and Lydia this morning.

Timothy

As Paul and Silas traveled to Lystra, they met a young disciple named Timothy. Timothy was half-Jewish and relatively young.

[Timothy’s] …mother was Jewish and a believer but whose father was a Greek. Acts 16:1

Two strikes against Timothy, youth and mixed heritage, should have diminished his ability to led the church, but all things are possible through Christ. While people might focus on weaknesses, God focuses on strengths and the Spirit can eliminate any gaps for those who simply have faith.

Though young, he plays a prominent role as a pastoral and apostolic figure in the early church. Timothy spent time in Thessalonica, Corinth, and eventually Ephesus. We’ll eventually read two of Paul’s letters that were written to Timothy in First and Second Timothy.

Circumcision or Not?

In these first verses of Acts 16, we learn a little of Timothy’s background and by verse three, something startling takes place.

Paul wanted to take him along on the journey, so he circumcised him because of the Jews who lived in that area, for they all knew that his father was a Greek. Acts 16:3

Remember the debate in chapter 15? Those who wanted to force people to become Jewish first, notably the requirement of circumcision, led to the council in Jerusalem. It seems that this debate was put to rest with James’ decree, but Paul’s humanity is revealed as he succumbs to pressure from the Jewish community. A man who seems as bold and fearless as Paul was still susceptible to the fear of man. At this moment, it seems that Paul feared the opinion of the Jews more than he cherished his and Timothy’s liberty in Christ. A painful decision for Timothy!

By the time Paul writes to the Galatians, we see his stance has radically changed. He spends a great deal of the letter defending the faith against the Judaizers who sought to compel the new believers to submit to circumcision. Even Peter and Barnabas were carried away, “fearing the party of the circumcision” (Galatians 2:12).

Lydia

A crazy thing happened as the team looked for a place to pray: they found a group of women and decided to speak to them.

We sat down and began to speak to the women who had gathered there. Acts 16:13

They’re taking a huge risk by talking to women as a group. The Spirit is not limited by barriers erected by men! Paul’s preaching is provocative and stirs their hearts, and in particular, the heart of Lydia.

She was a worshiper of God. The Lord opened her heart to respond to Paul’s message. Acts 16:14

She was baptized without delay, along with her entire household and perhaps her entire company of linen makers.

What Are You Afraid Of?

The fear of man can cause even the boldest of believers to do strange and foolish things. How do we overcome fear and the fear of man?

There is no fear in love. But perfect love drives out fear, because fear has to do with punishment. The one who fears is not made perfect in love. 1 John 4:18

Fixing our focus on the love of Jesus leaves no room for the fear of men or their opinions. When your heart is ravished by His affections it drives out our insecurities and fear. When our affections are fixed on him, all problems become microscopic in light of the greatness of God.

The Church Continues to Grow

Luke joined those traveling on their missionary journey throughout the region. The unlikely characters of Timothy and Lydia turn out to be those chosen by the Spirit to lead a movement among people they could relate to. Households divided by beliefs can be united in Christ. Women who were not allowed to sit and learn in the synagogues were taught and led to Christ.

Jesus, the friend of sinners, taught us to go out into the world to proclaim the great news to everyone. I pray we’ll do this without fear and without prejudice. There is much work to be done. Go with the knowledge and faith that the Spirit is with you — always.

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Acts: Disagreement Between Paul and Barnabas

Read: Acts 15:36-41

The early church is not perfect. They don’t have everything figured out, but they are focused and intent on spreading the gospel. The passage today highlights a sharp disagreement between two significant leaders: Paul and Barnabas. Luke doesn’t go into a lot of detail here, but as they discussed who to take on the next missionary journey Paul had a problem with John Mark:

Paul did not think it wise to take him, because he had deserted them in Pamphylia and had not continued with them in the work. Acts 15:38

This might have slipped under the radar a few chapters ago, but look back and see where John, i.e., Mark, left the rest of the team.

From Paphos, Paul and his companions sailed to Perga in Pamphylia, where John left them to return to Jerusalem Acts 13:13

This is the same Mark that wrote the gospel of Mark and the same one who Paul eventually recognizes as one who is helpful to Paul’s ministry in [Bible]2 Timothy 4:11[/bible].

We also know that Barnabas and Paul continue to correspond.  The disagreement didn’t split the church, but perhaps their separation at this point was better for the church in the long run since we know everyone mentioned here continues to fuel the movement of Christ-followers.

Team Composition Matters

It’s important to understand that personalities clash. Leadership styles differ, and as we see through the example of Paul, leadership styles may evolve over time with growth and maturity.

We only see small glimpses into this exchange with Paul, Barnabas, and John Mark, but I can imagine that Paul, at the very least, felt very disappointed in John Mark. Perhaps after he felt John  Mark abandoned him, he harbored some hurt and unforgiveness. Isn’t that the way it is in ministry? We work together so closely. Our lives are intertwined. When one person on the team doesn’t follow through with their responsibilities, perceived or real, it creates tension and harsh feelings.

So the healthy thing for the growing Church at that point was for Barnabas and John Mark to go their way, the way the Holy Spirit was directing them. How incredible is it that Silas was there! Paul was able to continue in the way the Holy Spirit was leading him and have a partner in ministry as well.

It may very well be the team composition between Paul and Barnabas at this time was not a healthy one. So not only was the separation good for the two parties involved, it also allowed the Church to grow and grow.

The same Spirit is guiding both teams, just in different directions. All for the purpose of growing the Kingdom for Christ — this is the most important thing.

Lord, help us to be sensitive to Your Spirit as we work in teams to spread the gospel of Jesus Christ. Help us to check our pride, to be aware of others on the team, and seek unity at all times, even when that means moving to a different team.

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Acts: Peter, James, Barnabas, and Paul Destroy Barriers

Read: Acts 15:1-35

Acts 15 is a wonderful example of how the early church handled difficult issues. One of the key points for us to learn is their relentless search for unity. We read phrases like, “sharp dispute and debate” and “much discussion” to highlight the struggle. There is no doubt these intense conversations were covered with prayer and fasting to reach a decision. No power plays. No over-zealous leader charismatically controlling the crowd. Unity of spirit. Takes longer, more painful, sleepless nights, etc., but the result is a unified church. Amazing.

The Debate

Some unnamed group began teaching that you have to be circumcised before you can be saved. While this was no doubt steeped in tradition and probably with good intentions, Jesus did not require circumcision. This was a very big deal in those days.

This brought Paul and Barnabas into sharp dispute and debate with them. Acts 15:2

These people came from Judea, the origin of Judaism, to push an agenda on a non-Jewish culture. Paul and Barnabas locked arms and fought against this idea. Most of this chapter unpacks the process they went through.

Paul and Barnabas, along with other believers, took the long trip to Jerusalem to put this issue before the apostles and elders of the church. As they traveled they told stories of Gentiles being converted. This might have been their way of practicing for the debate that was expected. The stories were well received, as we would expect, but there was no guarantee that they would receive a warm welcome in the heart of the Jewish cultural center.

It’s interesting to see that the church was getting seriously organized. Beyond the apostles named by Jesus, there are elders helping to manage affairs of the church. Given the number of people being saved every day, it seems they’re applying principals of Exodus 18 to the early church.

The Council

The apostles and elders welcomed Paul, Barnabas, and the believers who traveled a great distance to bring this debate to light. Let’s begin:

Then some of the believers who belonged to the party of the Pharisees stood up and said, “The Gentiles must be circumcised and required to keep the law of Moses.” Acts 15:5

Peter is the first to address this assertion. He reminded them (perhaps it was news to some) how God called himself to preach to the Gentiles and how they received the Holy Spirit (see: Cornelius and Peter Part 1 and Part 2).

God, who knows the heart, showed that he accepted them by giving the Holy Spirit to them, just as he did to us. Acts 15:8

Further, and significantly:

Now then, why do you try to test God by putting on the necks of Gentiles a yoke that neither we nor our ancestors have been able to bear? No! We believe it is through the grace of our Lord Jesus that we are saved, just as they are. Acts 15:10-11

This is huge! Testing God is not something anyone should attempt. This phrase would have cut the historical Jews to the bone. The reference to the “yoke” here emphasizes what Jesus taught the apostles firsthand (see: Matthew 11:29-30). Peter’s conclusion that we are all saved by grace — and this is sufficient. There are no other requirements.

The council was speechless. To support Peter, Barnabas and Paul provided many examples of God’s work among the Gentiles.

James, the brother of Jesus, takes the stage next.

“Brothers,” he said, “listen to me. Simon has described to us how God first intervened to choose a people for his name from the Gentiles. The words of the prophets are in agreement with this Acts 15:13-15

The fact that James holds a prominent position in Jerusalem is significant. He decides what will be done. I can’t wait to explore James’ conversion, but we’ll have to explore that at another time. For the moment, remember that though he grew up with his brother the Messiah, he was not quick to believe in Jesus!

“It is my judgment, therefore, that we should not make it difficult for the Gentiles who are turning to God. Acts 15:19

James provides a solution that’s amicable to all in attendance. I think it’s important to note that this was not a foregone conclusion. There was not political positioning. They were truly wrestling with a difficult question. God had set apart the Hebrews way back in the days of Abraham. Moses reminded everyone of just how special the Jewish people were to God. They were to be set apart for the world to see. It was difficult to let go of this “selected” status and accept that others were eligible to be chosen.

They agree to adopt three requirements that would reduce the tension between Jew and Gentile (Acts 15:20, 29):

  • abstain from food polluted by idols,
  • from sexual immorality,
  • from the meat of strangled animals and from blood.

The letter included this caveat:

You will do well to avoid these things. Acts 15:29

Letter Delivered

The entire church gathered to hear how the letter sent by the church headquarters (my wording) and the letter was well received back in Antioch.

Paul and Barnabas remained in Antioch, where they and many others taught and preached the word of the Lord. Acts 15:35

Teaching and preaching matters. It’s not the only thing, but it is important to consistently study the word of the Lord and hear what God is saying through those who are anointed to preach His message. It’s a complete meal. Discipleship and evangelism are all wrapped up in relationships completely immersed in love and pointed at God the Father, with the help of the Holy Spirit, and in the name of Jesus. This is how to grow His church.

The Lesson

The Problem was solved without bloodshed, without dividing the church, and on terms that helped spread the gospel even more. The church was strengthened through the debate. This is not a call to be contentious, rather, it’s a call to pray and fast to work out differences. I truly pray we are able to do this in every context: home, church, work, school, etc. The prize is worth the struggle.

 

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Acts: Iconium, Lystra, and Derbe — Paul Stoned

Read: Acts 14

Paul and Barnabas continue their travels through the Gentile world of their day. They had some success, but a lot of resistance in Iconium, so they kept going to Lystra and Derbe where great confusion stirred anger and the people stoned Paul, presumably to death. Surrounded by believers, Paul continues his ministry and they eventually return to Antioch to tell the sending church about all they have learned and experienced.

Iconium

It’s interesting to see that both Jews and Greeks are somehow gathered in the synagogue to hear the message Paul brings (Acts 14:1) and encouraging that many heard and believed. Of course, not everyone appreciates Paul’s sermon. He has not come to preach against anyone, but he is preaching there is only one way to salvation. That doesn’t sit well with everyone. No surprise.

The people of the city were divided; some sided with the Jews, others with the apostles. Acts 14:4

I’m reminded of the passage in Hebrews that assures us that God’s word will divide:

For the word of God is alive and active. Sharper than any double-edged sword, it penetrates even to dividing soul and spirit, joints and marrow; it judges the thoughts and attitudes of the heart. Hebrews 4:12

Lystra and Derbe: Lame Man Healed

As Paul is preaching he notices one particular man is listening intently. This man was lame from birth, he had never walked. Paul discerned that he not only heard the message clearly, but he was moved to accepting Jesus. Looking directly at the man Paul tells him to “Stand up on your feet!” (Acts 14:10). The man is miraculously healed, he begins to walk!

When the crowd saw what Paul had done, they shouted in the Lycaonian language, “The gods have come down to us in human form!” Barnabas they called Zeus, and Paul they called Hermes because he was the chief speaker. Acts 14:11-12

Their rather confusing response led me on a journey to wonder how they would come to this strange conclusion. Why would they associate Paul and Barnabas with Greek gods? The NIVAC provides this insight:

The frenzied response of the Lystrans may be traced to an ancient legend retold by Ovid (43 B.C.– A.D. 17) in his Metamorphosis. Zeus and Hermes once visited the Phrygian hill country disguised as ordinary men. They were turned away from a thousand homes where they sought lodging, but were finally taken in by an elderly couple into their humble home. The gods turned that house into a temple and destroyed all the houses that had rejected them. See NIVAC Reference

You’re welcome to read Metamorphosis here. It’s pretty long and the parts I read are so steeped in mythology that I must admit, I didn’t read it all. I make no claim to any knowledge of Greek Mythology. Ovid was a popular author during that time and given their incredible reaction, his writing must have had a profound effect on these people.

It’s apparent that Paul doesn’t understand the Lycaonian language, but once he and Barnabas see what the people are doing they tear their robes and beg them to listen.

Friends, why are you doing this? We too are only human, like you. We are bringing you good news, telling you to turn from these worthless things to the living God Acts 14:15

It’s a scene of incredible chaos. Confusion leads to revolt fueled by those who disagree with Paul’s message.

Then some Jews came from Antioch and Iconium and won the crowd over. They stoned Paul and dragged him outside the city, thinking he was dead. Acts 14:19

Crowds are easily swayed, they feed on the negative press and swell to heights of irrational behavior quickly. We’ve seen this in the streets of our own country in recent history. Has nothing changed? We are so modern, yet not so different than those we read about here.

Paul was not dead yet! The disciples gathered around him and he got up and returned to the city, not to confront the crowds or continue the debate, rather, he returned to encourage those who believed and help them get organized.

Paul and Barnabas appointed elders for them in each church and, with prayer and fasting, committed them to the Lord, in whom they had put their trust. Acts 14:23

When is the last time you watched someone get stoned, dragged out of the city, then have him walk back in to encourage you? Luke doesn’t dwell on this aspect. He merely reports that Paul got up and when back to work. Crazy!

Missionary Report #1

Paul and Barnabas gathered the church in Antioch and provide their mission report.

they gathered the church together and reported all that God had done through them and how he had opened a door of faith to the Gentiles. Acts 14:27

I can hardly imagine the scene as Paul and Barnabas recount the stories, the ups and downs, success and failure, all as the cause of Christ continues to grow. Have faith my friends. Lives are being changed.

And So…

As my friend Tony Jeck would say, “and so” we should ponder these things, seek to understand what we should do with this story. One thing I don’t want to miss is discerning when to stay and when to leave. The first encounter in Iconium was met with great resistance, so even though they spoke boldly, they chose to leave, to move on.

The next encounter must have caught them a bit off guard because they didn’t leave there in time, Paul was stoned. God was not done with Paul yet, but that is no guarantee for us to lean on. My father, among many great people, wisely counseled me to choose my battles carefully. Know when to stay and fight. Know when to leave.

For those who are actually listening, the gospel message is revolutionary, it is unsettling, it shakes the foundation of humanism, and runs counter to every other religion on the planet. This will create friction. Our responsibility is not to shove it in the face of all we meet, but to deliver the message with firm kindness.

Wisdom and discernment are key. Every church needs an actively engaged leadership team or group of elders supported by an effective prayer team to combat forces that would otherwise have us fail. My prayer is for every church to have these foundational teams supporting the leaders God has appointed so they can succeed in spreading the gospel.

…we can afford to suffer now; we’ll have a long eternity to enjoy ourselves. And our enjoyment will be valid and pure, for it will come in the right way at the right time. A.W. Tozer essay, Joy Will Come In Its Own Time

 

NIVAC Reference: Wilkins, Michael J.; Garland, David E.; Bock, Darrell L.; Burge, Gary M.; Fernando, Ajith. NIVAC Bundle 6: Gospels, Acts (The NIV Application Commentary) (Kindle Locations 83034-83038). Zondervan. Kindle Edition.

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