Month: August 2018

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Acts: Conclusion and Epilogue

Read: Acts 28:16-31

Wow! We’ve already come to the end of Luke’s amazing writing for us as he wraps up the book of Acts. The story began with the resurrected Christ challenging us to go and be His witnesses throughout the world and ends some 30+ years later on a high note that is still ringing today. In my sometimes wild imagination, I can see a very old Luke writing this last section after so many ups and downs in his life. I’m in awe of this old man that traveled during times that were difficult, to say the least, who no doubt ministered to many without the luxury of a Bible, survived a shipwreck then invested his time chronicling the Apostles actions for us to appreciate 2,000 years later.

Take a deep breath and pause to appreciate the sacrifice these men and women gave so we could read these stories.

In Rome

As the centurion responsible for delivering all of the prisoners to Rome, perhaps Lucius’s last act of kindness toward Paul was to allow him to live in custody rather than in the dark cells that prisoners expected. He was no doubt moved by the events on Malta. James would suggest, “Consider it pure joy, my brothers and sisters, whenever you face trials of many kinds” (James 1:2), but who would have thought that this would have included such a wild journey? What if they would have set for Rome a month earlier, had perfect weather, and landed without delay? Would Paul have been given this privilege?

When we got to Rome, Paul was allowed to live by himself, with a soldier to guard him. Acts 28:16

Assembly of Jews

Just three days after arriving Paul addressed the Jews that were assembled in Rome and takes time to recount his story to gain their respect:

The Jews objected, so I was compelled to make an appeal to Caesar. I certainly did not intend to bring any charge against my own people. For this reason I have asked to see you and talk with you. It is because of the hope of Israel that I am bound with this chain.” Acts 28:19-20

Remember back in Acts 18:1-3 we read that Paul met Aquila and Priscilla in Corinth because they were kicked out of Rome. If they were kicked out of Rome, how was it that Paul was meeting with a Jewish assembly? The answer is recorded in historical journals that show the expulsion lasted for about five years. Bible timelines set the time in Acts 18 around A.D. 51. Acts 28 covers events about eleven years later.

This context helps me appreciate the Jews’ response that they hadn’t heard anything bad about Paul from Judea. Instead, they seem to be all ears for what Paul had to say.

But we want to hear what your views are, for we know that people everywhere are talking against this sect.” Acts 28:22

“People everywhere are talking,” some things never change!

Some were convinced by what he said, but others would not believe. Acts 28:24

At the risk of being redundant: some things never change!

Paul’s Reaction

In the words of Luke, here’s a lesson for us to consider as we go about the business of being Jesus’s witnesses to the ends of the earth:

The Holy Spirit spoke the truth to your ancestors when he said through Isaiah the prophet:

Go to this people and say,
You will be ever hearing but never understanding;
you will be ever seeing but never perceiving.
For this people’s heart has become calloused;
they hardly hear with their ears,
and they have closed their eyes.
Otherwise they might see with their eyes,
hear with their ears,
understand with their hearts
and turn, and I would heal them.

Therefore I want you to know that God’s salvation has been sent to the Gentiles, and they will listen! Acts 28:25-28

Some will listen, some will not. Regardless, our mission is to preach the gospel to the entire world so they will have a chance to hear.

Epilogue

Luke leaves us with these encouraging words and with an exclamation point:

For two whole years Paul stayed there in his own rented house and welcomed all who came to see him. He proclaimed the kingdom of God and taught about the Lord Jesus Christ—with all boldness and without hindrance! Acts 28:30-31

 

This is the 51st post written to guide our journey through Acts. It’s difficult to express how significant the words have been to this Christ-follower. I hope you have heard from the Lord like never before.

 

Great lesson on Acts: https://bibletalk.tv/pauls-journey-to-rome

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Acts: Paul Finally Gets to Rome

Read: Acts 28:1-15

After the shipwreck, as Paul prophesied, they all landed safely on the shores of Malta. The Islanders were kind-hearted people that were definitely not Jewish and unfamiliar with Christ. Paul probably thought this was an amazing opportunity! Luke provides a firsthand account of the miracles on Malta which serve to ignite Paul’s ministry there. After wintering on the island, they finally get to Rome where word of their arrival was anticipated by brothers and sisters of the faith. They were all received well.

The Roman centurion, Julius, must have been truly impressed by these events. Luke doesn’t mention him in his narrative directly, but Acts 28:16 indicates that Paul was allowed to live by himself with only a Roman guard. I’m confident that Paul was not trying to impress Julius, he was merely serving the Lord by his actions. Yet I am sure that Julius watched carefully and I hope that his observations led him to Christ. We certainly have no information that would support his conversion, so I’m not trying to add to scripture. It’s just important to appreciate that people will observe how we act, how we treat each other and draw their own conclusions about Christianity based on what they see. This is exactly what the Maltese people did.

Miracles on Malta

These were a kind people. They didn’t need doctrine or theology to help those who were in need. I imagine they say the ship as it approached the island, then the nearly 300 castaways as they found the beach simply trying to survive.

The islanders showed us unusual kindness. They built a fire and welcomed us all because it was raining and cold. Acts 28:2

The island is situated in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea. My guess is this wasn’t a completely unusual event. As I researched Paul’s voyage to Rome several commentators concluded that it was crazy to sail at this time of year. Even without The Weather Channel, they knew it was a bad time to have large cargo ships sailing about.

With the fire started, Paul gathered wood to help warm things up and was bitten by a viper which attached itself to his hand. The Islanders concluded Paul must have been truly evil.

This man must be a murderer; for though he escaped from the sea, the goddess Justice has not allowed him to live. Acts 28:4

What happened next would likely be responsible for changing the course of history for the island nation of Malta. Paul merely shook the snake off of his hand and went about his business. The Islanders decided that Paul must be a god!

Next up, the chief official of the island, Publius, welcomed Paul and his group to his home. Again we read about incredible generosity. I’m reminded that people can be incredibly loving without knowing Christ. Just because people aren’t following Jesus, they are not inherently bad, but they still need Jesus!

At some point Publius let Paul know that his father was ill.

His father was sick in bed, suffering from fever and dysentery. Paul went in to see him and, after prayer, placed his hands on him and healed him. Acts 28:8

I wonder if Paul (or Luke) mentioned that Christ could heal the sick as they spoke? In my mind, Paul’s kindness matched Publius’ hospitality. He walked into his father’s room and felt compassion. I don’t envision any religious display or rituals, just simply caring for the sick. Paul likely spoke to him, then prayed and through the power of Christ healed him. Luke tells us that the rest of those who were sick came and Paul healed them all. I think that would cement my decision to follow Christ!

Paul’s 3-month visit to Malta had a profound impact on their history. According to The World Factbook (CIA), Malta is more than 90% Roman Catholic based on 2006 estimates. I’m pretty sure they have a fondness for Saint Paul.

Welcome to Rome

Once winter was over, they made arrangments to head to Rome. Luke provides details of the journey with specific references to the ports they made on their way.

There we found some brothers and sisters who invited us to spend a week with them. And so we came to Rome. Acts 28:14

Somehow they knew Paul was arriving. This part of the story has a warm and happy ending.

At the sight of these people Paul thanked God and was encouraged. Acts 28:15

The journey to Rome has been a long and difficult road. Imprisoned for years and still in custody, Paul made the best of bad times and stayed focused on ministering to those he meets wherever he goes.

One of the phrases I really dislike, and I’m sure I’ve mentioned it in my blog before, is the idea that “things could be worse.” Anytime trouble arrives at my front door whether, in the form of sickness, family, finances, friends, or rejection, someone has to say, “well, it could be worse.” *sigh* Let me avoid being guilty of suggesting we read Paul’s account and compare our current problems with his as a way of diminishing whatever trials we are going through today.

Paul did not seek to be arrested to preach in Rome. He certainly didn’t choose threats on his life or being shipwrecked. He simply chose to stay focused on spreading the Gospel. His reputation proceeded him. My prayer is that my own focus would be fixed on Christ, that every conversation would be lined with compassion, care, and concern. Our mission is clear and unique to each of us. Go and make disciples with the assurance that Jesus is with you!

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Acts: Paul Sails for Rome

Read: Acts 27

Luke invites us to join him on Paul’s voyage to Rome. The detailed account of this story is probably based on Luke’s experience with Paul on this journey. In the narrative, we read many nautical terms that demonstrate their familiarity with traveling by sea. I’ve heard sermons in the past from retired Navy Captains that are incredibly enlightening in this context. I’m not a sailor myself, but even I can feel the tension that’s present in this chapter.

It’s a great story that continues to show Paul as one who is constantly focused on his ministry. There are many actors in the drama including the ship’s captain, a Roman centurion, sailors, prisoners, Aristarchus, Luke, and Paul. All set out on a journey that will be fraught with trouble from the beginning because they chose to sail at a time when most would have waited.

Julius the Centurion

Julius is the Roman leader responsible for delivering Paul and the prisoners to their final destination. It’s interesting the Luke and Aristarchus are included in the narrative since they were obviously not prisoners. One sermon I listened to compared the ship to that of a modern city bus, stopping at ports along the way, some passengers got on and off as desired. Julius made sure his people were accounted for.

For some reason, when they get to the port in Sidon, Julius allowed Paul to visit his friends.

Julius, in kindness to Paul, allowed him to go to his friends so they might provide for his needs. Acts 27:3

I believe this was synonymous with ministering to a church he planted in that city or surrounding areas. Whether Julius was a Christ-follower or not is pure speculation, but he was certainly committed to ensuring Paul would complete his journey…even if he didn’t always agree with Paul.

…instead of listening to what Paul said, [Julius] followed the advice of the pilot and of the owner of the ship. Since the harbor was unsuitable to winter in, the majority decided that we should sail on, hoping to reach Phoenix and winter there. Acts 27:11-12

Julius wasn’t always right, but he was definitely in charge.

The Storm Rages On

For 14 days they were tossed about, a frightening time at sea, even for the most experienced.

On the third day, they threw the ship’s tackle overboard with their own hands. When neither sun nor stars appeared for many days and the storm continued raging, we finally gave up all hope of being saved. Acts 27:19-20

All hope was lost, except for Paul. At the beginning Paul provided his recommendation to stay put, to avoid sailing at this time of year. He reminds them of this advice when he tells them about a visit from an angel. This is significant:

21 …Paul stood up before them and said: “Men, you should have taken my advice not to sail from Crete; then you would have spared yourselves this damage and loss. 22 But now I urge you to keep up your courage, because not one of you will be lost; only the ship will be destroyed. 23 Last night an angel of the God to whom I belong and whom I serve stood beside me 24 and said, ‘Do not be afraid, Paul. You must stand trial before Caesar; and God has graciously given you the lives of all who sail with you.’ 25 So keep up your courage, men, for I have faith in God that it will happen just as he told me. 26 Nevertheless, we must run aground on some island.” Acts 27:21-16

His advice was not prophetic, but the rest of what Paul has to say is from the angel. Not one will perish, but the ship will indeed be lost.

Paul said they would be saved, he did not promise it would be easy.

Julius is on Paul’s side now and prevents the soldiers from killing the prisoners. He believes Paul completely at this point. Though God’s providence, they are indeed shipwrecked, all make it to the shore successfully. All 276 people. When I read this number, my perspective changed quite a bit. This was not a small little boat being tossed about. Even if the prisoners made up the majority of the count and were bound in close quarters, this was a sizeable vessel.

Paul’s Ministry Continued

Through it all, we see Paul consistently stayed on mission. I can’t imagine after 14 days of being tossed about with no sun and no stars that I could stand among starving people and suggest,

Just before dawn Paul urged them all to eat. “For the last fourteen days,” he said, “you have been in constant suspense and have gone without food—you haven’t eaten anything. Now I urge you to take some food. You need it to survive. Not one of you will lose a single hair from his head.” Acts 27:33-34

Paul was obedient and one hundred percent sure that they would all arrive in Rome. Jesus told him he would. There was no room for doubt.

Is there something you’ve heard from God that leaves you without a doubt? Have you been able to quiet your mind long enough to let your heart feel the presence of the Holy Spirit? I’m not going to lie and tell you I have complete clarity, but I will keep praying, meditating, listening, and seeking Jesus with all of my heart until I come face-to-face with my Savior. I hope you will too.

The journey is not safe, but the destination is worth it. Sail on people, sail on.

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Acts: King Agrippa and Bernice Hear Paul’s Testimony

Read: Acts 25:13-26:32

This narrative begins with Festus talking to King Agrippa and his sister Bernice about an interesting case, i.e., Paul and the Jewish leaders from Jerusalem. Festus had a problem. He didn’t know how to write the letter to the Emporer, so he took the opportunity to ask Agrippa and Bernice for advice. King Agrippa is intrigued by the case and asks to have a chat with Paul. Festus made the arrangements for the next day. Paul seized the opportunity to tell his story all wrapped up in the gospel message. We don’t really know if Agrippa and Bernice were changed, but Paul was able to share the message with clarity, though he remained a prisoner.

Festus

Of all the things Festus likely talked to Agrippa about, he chose to discuss the odd case of Paul and the Jews. It’s not surprising that he would bring this up because Agrippa knew a lot about the Jews. Paul uses this detail in his argument (see Acts 26:3). Festus’ summary includes an absurd notion that the central character The Way, Jesus, was crucified but is no longer dead.

Instead, they had some points of dispute with him about their own religion and about a dead man named Jesus who Paul claimed was alive. I was at a loss how to investigate such matters; so I asked if he would be willing to go to Jerusalem and stand trial there on these charges. Acts 25:19-20

At a loss, he appeals to one he hoped to please.

Agrippa and Bernice

Agrippa yields the floor to Paul and invites him to speak. As mentioned above, Paul’s argument includes an appropriate preamble:

King Agrippa, I consider myself fortunate to stand before you today as I make my defense against all the accusations of the Jews, and especially so because you are well acquainted with all the Jewish customs and controversies. Therefore, I beg you to listen to me patiently. Acts 26:2-3

I love the way Paul sets up his defense with respect and dignity. There’s a lesson to learn in that alone. He also clears the way for taking some time to explain his case completely, i.e., present the entire Gospel message.

Paul’s defense adds to the narrative Luke provided in Acts 9. Considering his desire to chronicle events in an orderly fashion, I would suggest this is by design. Paul’s conversion (as Saul) in Acts 9 focuses on the interaction with Ananias. Here, the focus is more on his interaction with Jesus.

We all fell to the ground, and I heard a voice saying to me in Aramaic, ‘Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me? It is hard for you to kick against the goads.’ Acts 26:14

The explanation and reference at the bottom of this post explain that:

To “kick against the goads” is nothing less than an exercise in vanity; futile and pointless. The Greeks and Romans used this saying to imply ‘ruinous resistance.’See Goads

Agrippa and Bernice patiently listen to the entire presentation. They know what Paul is getting at, Festus is not quite following when Paul explains that Jesus was resurrected from the dead.

Festus interrupted Paul’s defense. “You are out of your mind, Paul!” he shouted. “Your great learning is driving you insane.” Acts 26:24

Agrippa gets it:

Then Agrippa said to Paul, “Do you think that in such a short time you can persuade me to be a Christian?” Acts 26:28

I love Paul’s response, and while I know I’m including lots of quotes here, I’m not ashamed:

Paul replied, “Short time or long—I pray to God that not only you but all who are listening to me today may become what I am, except for these chains.” Acts 26:29

Short or long, we’re in this for the long haul.

I pray that each of us will be patient as we pursue our call to ministry, our deep desire to reach those who are lost and make disciples of the world. Join Paul in praying that all who are listening will become a follower of Jesus Christ.

 

 

 

Goads: The phrase was a common expression found in both Greek and Latin literature at the time of St. Paul. It was a rural image, which rose from the practice of farmers goading their oxen in the fields. Goads were typically made from slender pieces of timber, blunt on one end and pointed on the other. Farmers used the pointed end to urge a stubborn ox into motion. Foolishly, an ox might kick against the goad, causing injury and pain to its leg. Source

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Acts: Paul and Festus

Read: Acts 25:1-22

Paul’s time in prison continued in Caesarea when Festus succeeded Felix. To properly understand what’s going on here, I have to try and think like the presiding governors of that time. As I consider the events of that time, the story makes much more sense. Paul appears to have access to information about continued threats for his life by the Jews hell-bent on killing him. Even if he didn’t have a constant stream of updates, it’s reasonable to accept that those sworn to kill him would look for any opportunity to complete their vows.

Festus and the Jewish Leaders

Just after Festus took charge, the Jewish leaders seek him out and attempt to get access to Paul.

They requested Festus, as a favor to them, to have Paul transferred to Jerusalem, for they were preparing an ambush to kill him along the way. Acts 25:3

Festus would not lower himself to be manipulated by the Jewish leaders. Politically speaking, it made no sense that he would capitulate so early in his time as governor of the region. If they wanted to play, they would have to come on his terms in his stronghold.

Prisons

One of the questions that come to mind concerns that of what prisons were like back in A.D. 50. As I researched this topic I found it interesting to consider that prisons were focused on holding people for trial or execution. In other words, people weren’t incarcerated for a period of time as punishment. Prisons were a holding tank for those two primary reasons. If you were waiting for a trial, the wait could be quite long, as in Paul’s case. If you were waiting for execution, it’s just a matter of logistics: you’ll be executed when it’s convenient for the executioner.

Sidenote on Felix

Several questions remain unanswered in my mind and I couldn’t help but backtrack a bit. Paul’s interaction with Felix is interesting. Remember that Luke added that Felix was hoping for a bribe in Acts 24:26. Paul was a man of influence, even Felix could see that. His perspective seems to be focused on how to benefit from having Paul as his prisoner. I found the following post from Birmingham Theological Seminary well written and quite interesting:

Now, in God’s mysterious providence, Felix was a dishonest ruler. Based on the insufficient accusations against Paul, Felix could have released him. But he didn’t. Instead, he saw an opportunity for personal gain. So, he held off ruling on the case, preferring to wait for Paul to offer him a bribe. Source

Felix essentially owned Paul. He could keep him restrained indefinitely under the guise of protection for Paul and peace for the region. This continued for two years as Luke noted in Acts 24:27, roughly A.D. 57-59.

The Trial (sorta)

The Jewish leaders made the journey to Caesarea to present their case against Paul for Festus to hear.

When Paul came in, the Jews who had come down from Jerusalem stood around him. They brought many serious charges against him, but they could not prove them. Acts 25:7

We’re not given a lot of details here, but it seems like the same questions were considered along with the same lack of evidence to prove that Paul had done anything to motivate Festus to take action.

Then Paul made his defense: “I have done nothing wrong against the Jewish law or against the temple or against Caesar.” Acts 25:8

Paul’s words are carefully chosen to reiterate this is a Roman matter, which implies that Festus needs to remain in control. The Jewish argument about desecrating their temple is of little interest to the Romans. It appears the Jewish attorney must have implied Paul was a problem for Caesar.

Let’s not forget that Jesus appeared to Paul in a vision and told him “so you must also testify in Rome” (Acts 23:11). Here is Paul’s opportunity.

If, however, I am guilty of doing anything deserving death, I do not refuse to die. But if the charges brought against me by these Jews are not true, no one has the right to hand me over to them. I appeal to Caesar!” Acts 25:11

The words, “I appeal to Caesar” are significant. Festus confers with his council and declares:

You have appealed to Caesar. To Caesar you will go! Acts 25:12

Some Thoughts

In our modern world, at least in this society, we might consider having a case appealed up through judicial lines all the way to the Supreme Court. This is an expensive process in both time and money with no guarantee of success. The Supreme Court can refuse to hear the case, send it back to the lower court, or worse, deny the justice we sought at the beginning.

Though I’m sure there are a thousand technical differences, the concept was the same for Paul. He was fueled by Jesus’ clear statement to present his case, and therefore the Gospel message, in Rome. But there were no guarantees. He simply had to remain true to his calling and obedient to his task.

Lord, I pray that I can be consistent in a world that wants to pull me one way or another depending on the desire of those around me.

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Acts: Paul in Caesarea

Read: Acts 23:23-24:27

Part 4 of Paul in Jerusalem left us with the Roman commander completely in charge of the situation. There is no doubt that the authorities were handling the events here. Paul’s life was likely spared as a result of the commander’s rather audacious and timely reaction. The ensuing events through the end of Acts will result in Paul being in prison, i.e., a captive under Roman control, for the next four years. This helps explain why so many letters were written and perhaps why scholars were able to gather these and turn these into books in the New Testament.

Cavalry Led Escape to Caesarea

The Roman commander gathered two centurions, loads of horses and armed men to escort Paul to Caesarea. In my mind, this was a bit over-the-top.

Then he called two of his centurions and ordered them, “Get ready a detachment of two hundred soldiers, seventy horsemen and two hundred spearmen to go to Caesarea at nine tonight. Acts 23:23

All this for one Roman citizen. I think the commander was trying to make a statement about his authority. He may have had other motives, but we are not given insight into his position or political desires. What we know for certain is that Paul was successfully removed from a violent situation and allowed to defend himself another day.

Our modern court system follows this example today. The legal process is called a “change of venue” to give the defendant a better shot at a fair trial. In this case, Paul is removed and Ananias has to make the 65-mile journey to state his case.

 Felix the Governor with Ananias and Tertullus

The first characters in this scene include the plaintiff and his attorney. In the last episode, Ananias proved to be hot-headed, calling for Paul to be smacked before any judgment could be made. Paul’s reaction could have landed him in trouble, but he was quick to control his tongue. Biblical scholars give us some interesting insight into Ananias here:

Paul’s comment about Ananias proves to be prophetic, for within ten years the high priest had to flee to Herod’s palace, his house was burned, and he was eventually killed.13 He was known as a greedy, corrupt, and violent man.14NIVAC Note

We should not be quick to stereotype Jewish leadership and certainly should exercise restraint when confronting those in authority, but sometimes people are placed in positions they don’t deserve. We should have faith that God will judge appropriately. The historians above indicate Ananias’ rule was terminated relatively soon after this event.

Tertullus was a capable orator who used his skill to point the accusation at Paul after placating the honorable governor with typical flowery words. The attorney was good, but Paul was much better!

Each charge against Paul was quickly deflected.

My accusers did not find me arguing with anyone at the temple, or stirring up a crowd in the synagogues or anywhere else in the city. And they cannot prove to you the charges they are now making against me. However, I admit that I worship the God of our ancestors as a follower of the Way, which they call a sect. Acts 24:12-14

Felix appears rather bored with the proceedings and defers his decision until the commander corroborates Paul’s arguments. There’s no hurry in this system. The fact that Paul remains in custody is irrelevant to those in charge.

Paul used his captivity as a platform. I’m not suggesting he was completely happy about the arrangement, but he made the best of a bad situation by arguing with competence and eloquence.

Several days later Felix came with his wife Drusilla, who was Jewish. He sent for Paul and listened to him as he spoke about faith in Christ Jesus. Acts 24:24

By remaining calm and patient, Paul got the opportunity to present the gospel to Felix, his wife, and who knows how many other officials in between.

Paul was competent, studied well, and made his case compelling by understanding who he was addressing each time. I’m convinced this earned him many favors even though his release from captivity could not be granted. He made the best of a bad situation. My prayer is that we would do the same when life deals us a bad hand.

 

 

NIVAC Notes:

Wilkins, Michael J.; Garland, David E.; Bock, Darrell L.; Burge, Gary M.; Fernando, Ajith. NIVAC Bundle 6: Gospels, Acts (The NIV Application Commentary) (Kindle Locations 86571-86574). Zondervan. Kindle Edition.

References within the NIVAC note:
#13. See Josephus, Wars of the Jews, 2.17.6, 9 (in Josephus, Complete Works, 491, 492 resp.).
#14. On Ananias’s character and acts, see Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, 20.9.2, 4 (in Josephus, Complete Works, 424).

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Acts: Paul in Jerusalem, Part 4

Read: Acts 22:30-23:22

The Roman commander is curious, so he arranged a meeting with the Sanhedrin, a mix of Sadducees and Pharisees, but this didn’t go well either. Once again, Paul was in the hands of the Romans for his own protection. Meanwhile, a group of Jews forms an alliance and a plot to kill Paul. This is the last part of Paul in Jerusalem. He’s transferred to Caesarea, then continues to move through the end of Acts until his final destination in Rome.

Luke provides these details as an account of Paul’s life. While this is interesting, I have to wonder why we read all of these details about Paul? At the end of Acts, well, it doesn’t actually end, s why tell us all these things without finishing the story? We’ll be in Acts 28 soon enough, so I’ll hold off on diving too deep at this point. As we read about Paul’s time in Jerusalem, then more about his captivity for the rest of his life, consider this: Paul continued to write letters and communicate with the churches he planted during all of these trials.

The Sanhedrin

The commander of the Roman guard needs to know what the fuss is all about.

The commander wanted to find out exactly why Paul was being accused by the Jews. So the next day he released him and ordered the chief priests and all the members of the Sanhedrin to assemble. Then he brought Paul and had him stand before them. Acts 22:30

Notice that the commander does not relinquish control. This is his meeting on his terms.

Paul’s first comments to the Sanhedrin set the tone for a short conversation.

Paul looked straight at the Sanhedrin and said, “My brothers, I have fulfilled my duty to God in all good conscience to this day.” At this the high priest Ananias ordered those standing near Paul to strike him on the mouth. Acts 23:1-2

Great! Punch Paul in the mouth for speaking. This is not going to go well. Paul doesn’t back down one iota. I wonder what “you whitewashed wall” would sound like in today’s vernacular. Actually, I don’t want to know. I couldn’t type the words anyway!

Paul backs down a notch when they inform him this is the high priest and changes his tone a bit. He explains he is a Pharisee from Pharisees and focuses on some of the key distinction between them and the Sadducees, most notably, the concept of the resurrection. The commentaries inform us that the Pharisees were in the minority in the Sanhedrin. Small in numbers, but with significant political clout. The Sadducees didn’t believe in the resurrection. Luke makes this clear in his parenthetical comment:

(The Sadducees say that there is no resurrection, and that there are neither angels nor spirits, but the Pharisees believe all these things.) Acts 23:8

Tensions begin to rise again, an uproar as Luke puts it. The Pharisees appear to be interested in Paul’s arguments, but I think this is purely from a political perspective. In my view, they’re trying to gain some upper ground on the Sadducees with regard to the resurrection. They begin to argue vigorously and the scene turns to chaos forcing the Romans to physically remove Paul.

As mentioned in the previous post, Jesus visits Paul in his captivity to encourage him:

The following night the Lord stood near Paul and said, “Take courage! As you have testified about me in Jerusalem, so you must also testify in Rome.” Acts 23:11

The Plot to Kill Paul

The fuse was lit. Some of the Jews, at least forty, get together and form a conspiracy to end this discussion once and for all.

“We have taken a solemn oath not to eat anything until we have killed Paul. Now then, you and the Sanhedrin petition the commander to bring him before you on the pretext of wanting more accurate information about his case. We are ready to kill him before he gets here.” Acts 23:14-15

The plot thickens from bad to worse. Fortunately, Paul’s nephew got wind of the plot and told Paul then the told the commander. The commander devised his own plan to relocate Paul and avoid more violence.

There’s no indication that the Romans were all that sympathetic to Paul. At least, in my opinion, it looks like they are simply acting as the governing authority in this situation. That’s not to say they weren’t moved by his words, but the actions here are consistent with a military occupation that is set on maintaining control.

Some Thoughts

Paul was rejected by those he trained with as a Pharisee and lived under the constant threat of murder, yet he continued to preach. I heard a Steven Furtick sermon the other day where he said something along the lines of the Romans chained Paul to the guards, but Paul consider that the guards were chained to him! At midnight they sang songs and all the prisoners’ chains were broken.

He never stopped preaching the Gospel. No matter what. In prison, sing songs and write letters. Through trial, isolation, separation, miles of travel, all the ups and downs, Paul just kept on going. Lord, I pray for this kind of focus, for this type of dedication to Your ministry. No matter what.

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